Social Perception, and Attribution, and Individual Decision Making

Social Perception, and attribution, and Individual conclusion Making Perception is the process of receiving cultivation about and making sense of world around us. It involves deciding which randomness notice, how to categorize this information and how to advise it within the framework of existing knowledge. another(prenominal) definition of information is A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.We post summarize the perception with this sentence We dont see the things as they are, we see things as we are. Why is perception important in the study of Organizational Behaviour? Simply beca accustom peoples demeanour is based on their perception of what human beings is, not on reality itself. Virtually all management activities rely on perception.In appraising performance, managers use their perceptions of an employees behaviour as a nucleotide for evaluation. Factors that influence perception are categorized to three groups 1)Factors in the perceiver Attitudes, Motives, Interests, Experience, Expectations 2)Factors in the dapple Time, Work Setting, Social Setting 3)Factors in the target Novelty, Motion, Sounds, Size, Background, Proximity, Similarity Shortcuts utilise in judging others )Selective Perception a characteristic that make individual stand out in our mind will increase the opportunity that it will be perceived 2)Halo Effect drawing a prevalent impression based on a single characteristic 3)Contrast do our reaction is influenced by others we have recently encountered 4)Projection the tendency to attribute our let characteristics to other people 5)Stereotyping judging someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which they belong Attribution in OrganizationsAttribution simply refers to how a individual explains the cause of anothers or his or her own behaviour. Attribution thus is the most relevant application of perception concepts of organiza tional behaviour-the going of person perception. The attributions or inferred causes we provide for behaviour have important implications in organizations. In explaining the causes of employee performance, good or bad, we are asked to explain the behaviour that was the basis for the performance.Attribution Theory suggests that when we observe an individuals behaviour, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused Internally believed to be under the personal insure of the individual Externally resulting from outside causes. Determinants of Attribution Distinctiveness whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations. Consensus if e genuinelyone who faces a similar situation responds in the equivalent way. Consistency does the person respond the same way over time.Individual Decision Making Individuals in organizations make finiss. That is, they make choices from among two or more than alternatives. Decision-making is almost univ ersally defined as choosing between alternatives. Decision-making is a hypercritical activity in the lives of managers. The decisions a manager faces can range from very simple, routine matters for which the manager has an established decision rule(programmed decisions) to new and complex decisions that pick up creative solutions(non-programmed decisions). Decision-Making ProcessManagers have to make decisions whether they are simple or super complex. Making a good decision is a difficult exercise. It is the production of deliberation, evaluation and thought. To make good decisions, managers should invariably follow a incidental set of steps. 1)recognize the problem and need for a decision 2)identify the objective of the decision 3)gather and evaluate data and diagnose the situation 4)list and evaluate alternatives 5)select the best fly the coop of action 6)implement the decision 7)gather feedback 8)follow up