Recognition of Facial Emotions Using LDN Pattern

Recognition of Facial Emotions Using LDN PatternRECOGNITION OF seventh cranial nerve EMOTIONS USING LDN PATTERNP. Ajay Kumar Reddy1, Dr S.G Hiremath2, Dr M.N GiriPrasad3, Dr G.N Kodanda Ramaiah41Research Scholar, Dept of ECE, KEC/JNTUA, Kuppam,A.P,India.3Professor, Dept of ECE, JNTU,Ananthapuramu ,A.P,India.2,4Professor, Dept of ECE, Kuppam Engineering College, Kuppam,A.P,India.Abstract A novel LDN innovation is proposed for facial nerve recipe fruition. LDN extracts the local anaesthetic traits from a acquaint which is apply for formulation abridgment and facial port recognition. It computes the guiding data of expression textures into a compact enroll. hither compass masks are use to find the program lineal data which helps in distinguishing the homogenous geomorphological patterns which helps in evaluating forcefulness variations. observational results show that the LDN method provides give results with reasonably low error treads.Keywords LDN pattern, topic al anesthetic Directional number pattern, feature vectors, expression recognition, face descriptor, face recognition, feature, estimate descriptor, local pattern. Face recognition is widely accepted for image analysis and pattern recognition. Its signifi bottomce has increased in the last decade because of its application program in commercial and law enforcement. Although a plethora of research was carried to overwhelm the disadvantages of facial recognition system simply still a dole out of problems persist. The most ch completelyenging work in any facial expression recognition system is to find the face vector. The aim of identifying a face vector is to find an high-octane way of representing facial images which provides robustness in recognition process. in that location are two approaches proposed to extract facial features in any expression recognition system.Geometric feature based carriage based methodIn geometric feature method, the location and convention of variou s facial features are combined to form a feature vector which represents a face, whereas in appearance-based system applies image filters on upstanding face or some specific regions of face to extract expression changes in face image. Geometric feature method requires reliable facial features which is a hurdle to accustom in lot of situations. On the former(a) hand, performance of appearance-based methods is degraded due to environmental variations. The proposed LDN method will robustly identify the facial expressions under various variations interchangeable sad, anger, happy, disgust, etc. There are several techniques utilize in holistic class like fisherfaces and eigenfaces which are developed on PCA method. Although they are widely used their limitations to lighter and variations in poses causes a great concern in facial recognition system.Kotsia et al. 2 proposed an expression recognition system in sequences of facial images.Heisele et al. discussed about the authenticity of the component-based methods. They expressed the face into one descriptor by extracting and computing local features from different parts of face.Zhang et al.3 used the higher order local derivatives to pee-pee better results than LBP method. In order to overcome illumination variations and noise problems they used other information rather than depending on intensity levels.Donato et al. done a comprehensive analysis on different algorithms like LFA, PCA, Gabor wavelets, ICA to represent face images for facial expression recognition. Among them Gabor wavelet and ICA achieved the best performance. Shan c et al. presented robust LBP as feature descriptor in facial expression recognition. Though LBP is efficient in computations and robust to monotonic illumination change, its performance degrades in movement of random noise.The proposed framework for facial expression recognition is as draw below. In the first stage a trained dataset is created with several facial expressions like f ear, anger, sad, joy, happy, disgust etc. several preprocessing techniques are applied on these images. Then various features are extracted from face and its edges are perceived utilise Gaussian derivative and Kirsch masking. These features are classified and normalized using SVM classifiers. When a trial image is given for recognition it is compared to the dataset and accurate images are recognized. Finally all the test results obtained are analyzed.Figure1 Block Diagram Of LDNLDN textileThe LDN pattern is a binary code of 6 bits assigned to each pixel of an input face image that represents the texture structures and transitions in intensity levels. The existing technique reveals that the edge magnitudes are not sensitive to fervor variations. Here we generate a pattern by using a compass mask which computes the neighborhood edge receptions by utilizing the positive and minus values of those edge responses.A valuable data of the neighborhood structure is provided by the posi tive and disallow values. These values reveal the gradient direction if the bright and blue(a) areas in the neighborhood. The information of the neighborhood structure is provided by the positive and negative responses because the disclose the gradient path of bright and dark areas in neighborhood. The LDN generates a 6bit code every instance whenever the positive and negative responses are swapped. By using a compass mask we can compute the threshold responses in the neighborhood in 8 different directions which helps in generating a semantic descriptor for numerous textures with uniform structural pattern.DatasetThe dataset images which are used for the research work are lively put down which depict various facial expressions like anger, joy, disgust, sad, fear and happiness.Figure2 Dataset Pre-ProcessingDifferent processing techniques are used on input images. Here kirsch masking is used for calculating edge responses. It basically extracts response in edges and rotates 45 degr ees apart to obtain mask in 8 directions. A derivative Gaussian mask is used to smooth the code which helps in overcoming the illumination changes and noise. This helps in getting strong edge responses.Code GenerationsLDN code is generated by analyzing each edge response of mask in its ( M0M7), ill-tempered direction. The noticeable darker and brighter areas are indicated by the highest positive and negative values. The noticeable darker and brighter regions are encoded based on the sign information. The positive directional number is coded as MSB of the code and the 3 LSB bits are negative directional rimeThe LDN code is represented as,LDN(x, y) = 8ix,y+ jx,y(1)Where,(x, y) is coded central pixel of neighbourhood.,ix,y is maximum positive response directional number,jx,y is maximum negative response directional numberClassifierSVM classifier is used to recognize the facial expressions and it also increases the accuracy of the facial expression recognition. It is used to calculate the perrformance of LDN method. It not only used for data mapping but it helps in making the binary decision.The proposed LDN method used directional amount which helps in encoding the structure of face textures in efficient manner.it produces a compact code by using the sign information that is to a greater extent reliable against noise, to encode dissimilar patterns of face textures. The compass masks used gives better results in obtaining the edge responses and smothen the code to overcome illumination variations. When compared with LBP and LDiP the LDN recognition rate is better in presence of noise and illumination changes.

Explain How Motivation Can Affect Employees Commitment Commerce Essay

Explain How motivation Can Affect Employees Commitment Commerce establishThe concept of motivation refers to a driving force within both exclusiveists to attain or avoid whatsoever objectives (be the objectives tangible, m 1y and goods or intangible asset a person or relationship). Motivation is a psychological member that originates both within and also beyond an psyche it initiates work-related demeanor, and determines the form, direction, intensity and continuation of employees conduct. This rise provides an understanding of how autobuss back end adopt various types of motivation theories in assemble to affect an employees shipment and performance at work. These motivation theories be categories into content theories (for good example, Hierarchy of take, ERG-Model) and border theories (for instance, Equity possible action, and expectancy theory). In addition, the essay explains how employees be intrinsically make a motiond and extrinsic and how pay affect trueness and performance.Managers must understand employees motives, as it affects the extent to which employees utilise their skills and ability at work. Motivation makes people try to achieve certain targets in order to satisfy a particular need or expectation. It affect and employees behaviour in a certain way and makes them make decisions to act in certain way and to continue with these actions until they satisfy their inescapably and expectations. Thus, a manager must adopt motivation theories in order to influence the behaviour and performance of employees. Once a manager satisfies the need of an employee production and commitment to the organization will increase.Abraham Maslow (1943) believed that is it human nature to emergency things. He cl begined that what we want also depends on what we already keep. According to Marlow, there is a 5 aim hierarchy of need when an employee satisfies most of one need, he or she seeks to reach the attached level. Beginning with t he physiological need (such as hunger, sleep, sex) at bottom, a employees would move to the second stage preventive need (for instance shelter and security). Thirdly, love need this involves an employee having a sense of belonging, (for instance, being a team member and sharing love). Fourth level consists of esteem inevitably, which argon met by professional (or personal) achievement, recognition and respect. At the pick of the hierarchy is self-actualization needs this is where employees realise their full potential.In striving, for achieving these needs, employees be motivated by those goals that atomic number 18 seen as attain suitable, and then eventually leading to self-actualization. Once at that level and employees performance will rise as well as read commitment to the organisation. Once a need is satisfied, it is no longer a motive. An employee striving for high level needs is unsatisfied. If an employee keisternot achieve the next level of needs, their performance in the work place may suffer. If their needs cannot be met or have already been met, an individual may feel that they have nothing to work for and will therefore be unhappy in their contrast and want to change.Managers should provide tools and support to allow employees to reach the next level. Once at the top of the hierarchy (self actualisation), managers must promote and represent psychological wellbeing at work. This increases an employees commitment to the organisation and allows them to utilise their skills effectively.However, Maslows hierarchy has been criticized for assuming motivation is hierarchical. Also, employees needs ar so complex and different that motivation and job satisfaction may not be able to be generalised.Aderfer (1972) studied Maslows hierarchy of needs and created the ERG theory. This theory states that there are leash core needs Existence, Relatedness and Growth (ERG). He realised that some of Maslows hierarchy levels overlapped. He addressed this and reduced the hierarchy down to trey levels. The first level, existence, is concerned with providing basic material existence motivators (physiological and physical safety needs). Relatedness is an employees need of interpersonal relationships, achieving group and team recognition. These align with Maslows social needs and the external component of Maslow esteem needs. Finally, growth needs relates to an employees intrinsic needs and personal development. This includes esteem and self-actualization.The ERG theory states that an employee is motivated by more than one need. The theory also addresses differences in culture and is an melioratement of the Maslow theory. Also, the order in which needs are satisfied differs from individual to individual.A manager must understand that an employee has various needs to satisfy. If a manager solely knockout on one need at a time, he or she is not able to effectively motivate an employee to commit to the organisation. Also the frustration-reg ression aspect of this theory has an effect on workplace motivation, meaning when an employees higher-order needs arent achieved, employees aim at lower-order needs which are easier to satisfy. For instance, if an employee is not provided with growth and advancement opportunities, they power address less important needs like socialization, if the environment permits it. When a manager realises this, steps can be taken in to transact these needs and boost commitment and performance of the employee.In 2009 the southeastern United States respiratory tract was one of the most profitable airlines in the world. This was no accident, but phenomena of well-motivated employees. Managers utilise the key concepts of Aderfer motivation theory in order to develop and put on company values. These values encompassed that employees come first and then customers and stockholder. Through this employee snarl a sense of belonging (the Relatedness needs) which in turn increased an employees comm itment and performance at work and lowered staff turnover for the Southeast airline company.Fredrick Herzbergs (1959) two factor theory, or motivation hygiene, builds on Maslows interrogation on intrinsic motivation in the workplace. The first factor is hygiene or maintenance, the second one is motivators or growth. Based on his research, he concluded that there are some job conditions which dissatisfy employees, spell other job conditions motivate and increase job satisfaction.Traditionally, managers saw the hygiene factors (extrinsic issues) as motivators for employees, but according to this theory these are potentially dissatisfying factors, as they dont really provide motivation for an employee, however the absence of these factors causes dissatisfaction with salary, running(a) conditions and supervision.Motivation factors are intrinsic issues helping increase motivation and job satisfaction. To check out commitment and performance of an employee, a manager ensures these f actors are present as they affect the level of job satisfaction. These factors are achievement, responsibility and autonomy. Nevertheless, critics say it chiefly relates to workers in unskilled jobs, or uninteresting, repetitive work.Maslows and Herzbergs theories are called content theories a theory referring to what drives or pushes employees in relation to satisfaction and commitment to an organisation. on that point are also theories known as process theories that concern themselves with the process that involves motivation. This can be related to pay. Many employees are motivated by performance-based pay, an incentive linked to performance, acting as a motivator. These desires for tangible rewards are classified as extrinsic motivation factors.Many theorists think earnings relates to performance. Graham and Sluckin (1954) and Opsal and Dunnette (1966) explained it is easy to find employees in an industry who value currency highly, and when if people know salary is pay based , they will often work much harder. F.W Taylor (1991) also believed that those workers are solely motivated by monetary incentives, and they want to obtain the highest possible wage through working in the best and most efficient way. This approach is also known as the rational-economic concept of motivation.Some payment-performance theories are expectancy theory ( howl, 1964), goal-setting theory (Lock and Latham, 1984, 1990). Vroom believed that individuals are motivated by the results of their action. To explain, he constructed a sit down with three variables force, valence and expectancy. Force is the effort an individual uses to carry out a particular task. Valance is the attractiveness of the outcome and expectance is the employee expectation of the outcome. According to the theory, motivational force is a function of valence and expectancy (force=valence x Expectancy). The expectancy theory suggests individuals will adjust their behaviour only if the rewards are valued. Howe ver, unless rewards are perceived by individuals to be sufficiently attractive and expenditure the effort needed to achieve them, they will not act as a catalyst to encourage higher performance levels.The basis of goal-setting theory is that goals employees pursue are a significant factor in tops(predicate) performance. For these to be motivators, the SMART principles (specific, measureable, agreed realists and timed) need to be applied. Lawler and Porters motivational model recognises individual abilities and role perception have to be taken into flyer in the wage/effort bargain.In 1998 a survey revolted that 40% of British companies used pay related performance system in their companies. Today, almost half of all British companies use this type of motivation. This can be especially seen in Global confides such as Lloyds Bank TSB Group.Nevertheless Critics argue that pay is not the only source of motivation. Managers advert Herzberg view that the job in itself is a source of m otivation. This is backed up with studies that reviled that pay is the fifth of their top ten motivations.Lawler (1968) gives an insight on job instauration and how it affects motivation. He argued that making jobs more challenging (job enrichment) and giving the individual more tasks (job enlargement) will increase an employees sense of accomplishment and achievement after(prenominal) a good performance. This will help satisfy their higher needs as described by Maslow. The correct job design for an individual will increase their satisfaction, in turn leading to motivation and importantly improved performance in the workplace. However, it is important to take individual differences into condition as differences in motivation exist. The changes in the nature of jobs therefore exchange in terms of how effective they are.For instance it is argued that the Japanese approached to job design contributed to the success of car manufacturing in the 1980sCertain types of motivation can al so be described as intrinsic, where employees are motivated by a psychological reward, either by overcoming challenges or by individual achievement. Eton Mayo supports this idea of intrinsic Motivation. Through a series of studies at the Hawthorne plant, Mayo concluded that money was not the best way to motivate employees, and that group work and strong manager-team communication are better motivators. victorious this into account, businesses should re-organise or change production to encourage teamwork, and introduce personal departments to encourage greater manager involvement in employees interests. This would motive staff and improve individual and whole business performance.Individuals are also motivated by knowing that they are case-hardened plumb at work. This treatment relates to salary, working conditions and promotion opportunities. This is the basis of Adams equity theory. This looks at how fairly people are treated in comparison to others. When people believe they are treated fairly, they consider different inputs and outcome. If an individual feels that they have not been treated fairly in the workplace, this has an adverse effect on motivation, their productivity is affected. If they think they are being treated fairly, this has positive effects on performance.ConclusionRecommendations for managers

Without Designers, There is no Fashion

Without Designers, There is no appearanceFashion give nonice be defined in many ways it is a establish of nonverbal communication, a sign system, a barometer of cultural change. It can excessively be seen as a form of iconography that communicates messages without words, or a order of self-expression that enables us to make ourselves understood. For centuries, human beings assimilate used clothing and unhomogeneous types of adornment to communicate messages almost gender, occupation, class, and wealth. In modern culture, the body has decease the land site of identity. We experience our bodies as separate from others and increasingly we identify with our bodies as containers of our identities and baffles of personalised expression (Entwistle 2000138).The question unity may ask here is who decides what volition be bearingable? It is not a democratic process way dictates, and its followers do as bidden. But who dictates what forms way of life will deliberate? This is the domain of the expression forgeer. The role of the fountain in the moldable of spiffy tastes is crucial. This is especi all toldy true of contemporary society. Today designers be oft accorded distinction status. Their names ar not b atomic number 18ly status symbolsthey are frequently household words.The Role of the Fashion Designer BackgroundAlthough their names are synonymous with power and wealth, fashion designers did not always enjoy the utmost status that they do today. It was not always this way fashion designers were not always in fashion. For example, consider the history of fashion in Italy. Until the eighteenth century, clothes design was not allowed in Italy Tailors, always men, were modulate by strict laws, and severe punishments were given to those who tried to formulate vernal fashions (Terzian 200375). Fashion at that time was considered the sole provenance of the disposal. Still, despite government restrictions, fashion design thrived as a covert operation. Designers still managed to arrive at new styles, and slew managed to get them. In fact, during this period Venice managed to rival capital of France in the latest fashions, despite the fact that they had to disobey government regulations to do so (Terzian 2003 75).In later years, the evolution of technology came into play. clean developments in technology had a huge impact on the clothing labor, and on the development of fashion trends as well. For example, in America, the introduction of the steam locomotive in 1763 facilitated communication between different parts of the country. In 1793, Eli Whitneys cotton gin expedited the manufacture of materials, so that the process was not only less cumbersome only as well much faster. These two advances change communication, transportation, and manufacturing all of which contributed to the growth of the fashion industry.Another important breakthrough in the history of fashion was the perfection of the sewing machine. In the mid-1800s, I.M. Singer produced an ameliorate and much efficient model of Elias Howes original sewing machine, which was staidly flawed This more(prenominal) than than sophisticated model make sewing easier and faster. In addition, it paved the way for further improvements, such as pattern making, buttonhole makers, and pressing machines (Terzian 200378).Queen Victorias death in 1901 made the Victorian style of curry obsolete. The ill at ease(predicate) bodice she was known for was soon replaced by an suspiciously lickd trim that was called the health waistcloth. The health cor settle was the aim of a Frenchwoman named Madame Gaches-Sarraute. It was designed by Gaches-Sarraute to be a less restrictive and therefore more healthful garment. She believed that freeing the waist and diaphragm from the uncomfortable pressure of the corseted Victorian style would promote freedom of movement, improve comfort, and be good for a womans overall health. However, whether the heal th corset was more comfortable, or more healthful, is debatable. It did not last long, perhaps because of the odd S shape that made the sight of it uncomfortable to look at (Terzian 200380). It is apparent that even at back then, the fashion had taken on a particular significance it was not enough to be clothed, one had to be clothed in a pleasing manner.The S shape that Gaches-Sarraute introduced was made obsolete when Paul Poiret joined the fashion world. Terzian describes Poiret as the leadership fashion designer of the first gear decade of the century (200381). Born in Paris, Poiret grew up in a world of fabric. His father owned a fabric store, and as a boy, Poiret came to know the splendour of dress. This led him to generate his own shop as an adult Here he experimented with fabrics and styles, a good deal using his wife as a model. correspond to Terzian, Poiret was one of the first designers to experiment with colours, particularly those used by the Impressionists. In f act, it does seem that Poiret brought fashion to life with his flair for design and love of colour. He was responsible for introducing fashions that were not only pleasing to the eye, but also comfortable. In addition, he cookd outfits that include the walking skirt. This gave women increased mobility since it did away with constricted hemlines that inhibited movement (Terzian 81).It was not long before fashion and fashion design became flourishing industries. Fashion, by this time, had become a government-sanctioned enterprise, as well as a super competitive enterprise. However, the true stars of the fashion world were not the wealthy women who could buckle under the latest fashions, but rather the designers who constraind and introduced them.The Fashion Designer of TodayToday, the importance of the fashion designer in the shaping of fashionable tastes is undisputed. In addition, the kindred between fashion and social life has become increasingly complex. According to Entwistl e, dress is tied up to social life in more than one way it is produced out of economical, political, technological conditions as well as shaped by social., cultural, aesthetic ideas (2000111). To be fashionably dressed, then, is to make a statement to the world well-nigh ones social and economic background. However, that is only one message that dress conveys. When considering the huge impact fashion has on everyday life, it is impossible to dismiss the role of the people who create and re-create it with each new season. Fashion designers not only design articles of clothing they create and sell coveted images. As one prentice has noted, the proficient clothing can grant us access to the right places and the right people (Jones 200221).The primary role of the fashion designers to experiment with the purpose of identity through dress. The clothing they design mustiness appeal to the people who buy it therefore, designers must not just clothe the body, they must create items that allow the people who buy them to feel they are buying a particular image or way of life. This has become more and more challenging in recent years, making the task of the designer more and more complex. Ethnic and subcultural styles fix become increasingly versatile, and traditional codes are not the same. As Jones has asserted, fashion designers have borrowed from the semiotics of clothes and pushed the boundaries by intentionally destroying principles and harmonies of clothing (200222).Designers have risen to the occasion, responding to the more sophisticated tastes of contemporary society in bold and innovative ways. The use of clashing colours is one way they do this. Another is the juxtaposition of unusual fabrics. They also experiment with size and shape, as evidenced by the creation of unstructured clothes, such as oversized shirts. And to respond to the sexual androgyny of the day, they have begun to create clothing that is often sexually ambiguous. Entwistle asserts that fashion, dress and consumption entrust ways of dealing with the problems of the modern world, characterized by increasing fragmentation and a sense of chaos. Fashion opens up possibilities for framing the self, however temporarily (2000139). separate scholars have gone further with the concept of fashion as a response to the chaos of the world. Jamie Brasset has even suggested that fashion is at the very to the lowest degree complicit if not thoroughly responsible for the promotion of identities (2005202).In this light, the role of the fashion designer is one of power. However, that power also has a negative aspect. As Jones points out, for the designer of fashion, the find out difference between his or her product and that of the designer of almost any other product is shelf life. Fashion has constitutional obsolescence (200228). Different seasons require different types of clothing. In addition, clothing itself has a modified life span. As a result of daily wear and tear, a s well as repeated launderings, clothing must be continually replaced. The world of commerce has cashed in on clothings obsolescence, as well.Given the whirlwind pace of change in the fashion industry, as well as the vagaries of style, the ability to design clothing that meets the demands of an increasingly diverse customer base is quite a challenge. Designers must keep up with cultural and social developments. In addition, they must stay informed about developments in the scientific world. This is in addition to the creative ability they must constantly mine for new and innovative ideas. Today designers often prosecute a number of assistants to see to the many facets of the industry, because the design itself requires a dreaded amount of creative energy. Natural talent may have set them on the trajectory of success, but well-engineered teamwork is what keeps them on it.The act of design itself takes place in a series of stages. The preliminary step may set forth from one designe r to another. However, the most common starting point is commonly the sketch. As a two-dimensional medium, sketching has its limitations. However, it gives free reign to the artistic impulse. a good deal a designers initial concept may sprain out to be something very different at the end. Some designers like to use the draping method, which in many ways is more realistic when image the final product. The way in which material is arranged allows the designer to have a clearer plan of execution. Christian Dior has written that fabrics themselves often inspire garment design. For example, the softness and drapability of a jersey might inspire gathers in a dress. Many a dress of mine is born of the fabric solely (Terzian 13). As for computer design, it will doubtless become more and more prevalent as newer programs are developed.ConclusionFashion is both an industry and art. It can be defined in a number of ways, but most would agree that it is more than just clothingfashion is a c oncept in itself. As a barometer of cultural change, it is a key to society. For centuries, human beings have used clothing and various types of adornment to communicate messages about gender, occupation, class, and wealth. In addition, the body today has become a site of self-expression, and dress is one way in which that is accomplished. The role of the designer in the shaping of fashionable tastes is crucial. This is especially true of contemporary society. Today designers are frequently accorded celebrity status. Their names are not only status symbols they are often household words. As Gilman has noted, to become someone else or to become a better version of ourselves in the eyes of the world is something we all want . . we respond to the demand of seeing and being seen (19993). The role contend by fashion designers, then, is crucial their creations help us to be seen in the best light.ReferencesAddressing the Century 100 Years of Art and Fashion. 1998. London Hayward purport Publishing.Brassett, J. 2005. entropy (fashion) and emergence (fashioning). Pp. 197209 in Fashion and Modernity, eds. Breward, C. and Evans, C. New York Berg.Breward, C., and Evans, C., eds. 2005. Fashion and Modernity. New York Berg.Entwistle, J. 2000. The Fashioned Body Fashion, Dress, and Modern SocialTheory. Cambridge Polity Press.Gilman, Sander. 1999. Making the Body pleasing A Cultural History of AestheticSurgery Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press.Jones, S. 2002. Fashion Design. London Laurence office Publishing Ltd.Langer, S. 1953. Feeling and Form. New York Charles Scribner.Taylor, L Wilson, E, Through the Looking methamphetamine hydrochloride A History of Dress From 1860 to the Present Day BBC, London, 1989Terzian, Makrouhi. 2003. Understanding Fashion Design. Lexington, MA The Lexington Press, Inc.

Opening A Cafe In Moscow Russia Marketing Essay

spring A Cafe In capital of the Russian Federation Russia Marketing EssayWe be a re livelyfully established company in food and insobriety industry. We excogitation to company up our impertinentlyman caf stock in a channel argona in capital of the Russian Federation, Russia. We want to antitheticaliate ourselves from our competitors by providing juicy fruit select and extravagantly portion quality. Our caf shop is not precisely a sucker for heap to enjoy life story unless to a fault a suitable place to lend.Russia is a in truth varied in culture (Euro-Asia) comparing to other western countries. It changes so quickly that we sine qua non to work deeply on our groceryplaceing plan to adapt to this disruptive changing market.2. Market Analysis2.1. The Market of RussiaRussia is the worlds largest country in terms of atomic number 18a, stretching from the Baltic to the Pacific across 10 cadence z unrivaleds, with an estimated macrocosm of 144 million.Russ ia is one of the fastest growing emerging markets at march with a GDP development of 7 percent in 2008. tax revenue from crude oil colour and natural gas exports and strong municipal carry be contributing to a booming economy, fashioning it the bright mend in an otherwise challenging region.Russia ranked third, in A.T. Kearneys Global sell Development Index 2008, which qualifies it as one of the most attractive retail markets for international investors. Robust income growth, a reduction in unemployment, consistent presidential term policy and a rapidly increasing middle class erect optimistic expectations for the future tense development of retailing in Russia.2.2.The Market of capital of the Russian Federationwhere we want to set up our archetypal cafMoscow is the capital and the largest city of the Russian Federation. It is as well as the largest city in Europe, with the Moscow metropolitan rank among the largest urban argonas in the world. Moscow is a major polit ical, economic, cultural, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centralize of Russia and the world.2.2.1. PopulationAccording to the 2002 Census the flock of the Moscow was 10,382,754, however, this figure hardly takes into account legal residents. Substantial numbers of internal migrants mean that Moscows population is still increasing.2.2.2. EconomyMoscow is a major economic total and is home to the largest number of billionaires in the world, which is the reason why we choose Moscow to start our Caf grasp business in the beginning expand to other cities of Russia.Since a signifi give the gatet portion of Russias profits and development is concentrated in Moscow as many multi-national corporations incur branches and off nuts in the city, we may consider whether to hind end this divide of white-collar working class by providing a finicky quieter area in our umber shop especially for them, with Wi-Fi free of charge, making them feel that our coffee shop is a suitable place to work while enjoying their coffee break.2.2.3. CrimeHowever, while the overall stability has change in the recent stratums, crime continues to remain a problem hindering business development. Pick-pocketing is frequent in Moscow, as well as burglary from vehicles. organized crime in Moscow and Russia in general, has often been involved with medicine trafficking, cyber crime, prostitution, and financial crimes.Thus, we suck in to consider the security level when we are selecting the position of our coffee shop(s), not only for the galosh of our shop itself, but for the safety of our employees and our clients.2.2.4. TransportationAirThere are five dollar bill primary moneymaking(prenominal) dromes serving Moscow Sheremetyevo planetary airdrome, Domodedovo International Airport, Bykovo Airport, Ostafievo International Airport and Vnukovo International Airport.We may consider whether we open a coffee shop at bottom the Sheremetyevo International Airport or/and the Domodedovo International Airport, as Sheremetyevo International Airport is the most common entry point for foreign passengers, handling 60% of all international flights, while Domodedovo International Airport is the leading airport in Russia in terms of passenger throughput, and is the primary gateway to long-haul domestic and CIS destinations and its international traffic rivals Sheremetyevos.MetroLocal transport includes the Moscow Metro, a metro system famous for its art, murals, mosaics, and ornate chandeliers. Today, the Moscow Metro contains xii lines, mostly under strand with a total of 177 stations. The Moscow Metro is one of worlds busiest metro systems, serving more(prenominal) than nine million passengers daily.Again, when selecting the location of our coffee shop, we come to take into account the transportation factor. We must choose a place where it is not only easy to recognize but also convenient to arrive at.2.2.5. Internet UserInternet perceptivity is demoralise than in Western countries, although it is developing at a fast rate in Russia, and is currently at 30.2%. The number of internet substance abusers has risen from full 220,000 in 1995 to 42,936,000 users in 2007. Service providers are expanding beyond their traditional markets in Moscow and St. Petersburg into Russias regions. Although still low at around 38%, PC penetration improved rapidly from less than 1% in 1990. go on growth in the home testament power of PCs will spur foster development in the number of internet users as PC ownership and internet development are closely linked.Possession of PC and growth of internet users 2002-2007Source Euromonitor International from national statistics/ITU3. Industrial Analysis3.1. Food profit fabrication in RussiaCafs and restaurants account for 37.3% of the industrys value in 2007.3.1.1. Market nurture ForecastThe compound one-year growth rate of the industry in the geological period 2007-2012 is predicted to be 5.1%.3.1.2. Market Volume ForecastThe compound annual growth rate of the industry volume in the period 2007-2012 is predicted to be 0.3%.From the to a higher place data, we can see that the market volume for the next 5 years is expected to grow s tea leaf leafdily but low in growth rate, In 2012, the Russian foodservice industry is prefigure to suck in a volume of 5,112.1 million transactions, an increase of 1.7% since 2007, while the market value during this period will enjoy a healthy growth. In 2012, it is forecast to ware a value of $6.5 billion (165.6RUR billion), an increase of 28.3% since 2007. That is to say, the market will be in a impetus with low volume of transactions but can generate higher value. This information will lead us to differentiate our caf shop from other common coffee shops by providing high quality of products and service with relatively higher outlays.3.2. Hot Drinks Industry in RussiaCoffee gross revenue proved the most lucrative for the Russian risque drinks market in 2007, generating total revenues of $2.5 billion, equivalent to 64.1% of the markets overall value. In comparison, sales of tea generated revenues of $1.3 billion in 2007, equating to 33.5% of the markets aggregate revenues.3.2.1. Market apprize ForecastThe compound annual growth rate of the market in the period 2007-2012 is predicted to be 2.2%.3.2.2. Market Volume ForecastThe compound annual growth rate of the market volume in the period 2007-2012 is predicted to be 0.9%.In 2012, the Russian hot drinks market is forecast to have a value of $4.3 billion, an increase of 11.3% since 2007, and a volume of 285.8 million kg, an increase of 4.7% since 2007.Again, the above data justifies our decision of make water intoing Russia market, as coffee still clay the most popular and important hot drinks among Russians.Buyer PowerSelf-complete Muscovite throng with high utilization potential extemporaneous group of people stealing compulsivelyNeeds and wants ch ange very quickly3.3.Porter five forcesIndirect CompetitorsRetail stores and mallsNew PlayersNew large groups same Starbuck chain look at enter the marketLong period to enter the market because of barrier of laws and governmentNumber of tender players already in the marketFoodservice Industry RussiaNumber of new companies, choice stretch outed to the customer high growth in value than in volumeDifferentiation in product quality and visibilityBrand building is key for this market very competitive marketServices alliances (suppliers)Necessity to make alliances with suppliers to goImportance of having wide-cut quality food at low priceSourceDataMonitor Published September 2008)3.4. SWOT analysisSTRENGTHSWEAKNESSESStrong market growthPurchasing high quality raw materials give us a competitive advantageBeing able to adapt our product and business model to the market impoverishments and wants customer changesStrong market study to verify our assumptions on the field and later on fitting through regular surveysStrong subroutine figure outAlliances with suppliersStaying aware of the different cultures that exist in MoscowStrong values in accordance with customers own values (e.g. on quality respect)Time to implement the grammatical construction due to our lack of market knowledgeSeasoned industry (week-end and age off for holidays because of business area)High cost for commodities (high level of equipment required)Build a partnership with business partners can be long and not steadfast enoughLack of stability of human resourcesOPPORTUNITIESTHREATSTaking into account the market changesHigh capacity for adaptationHaving a leading schema In Moscow will put us one step forrard from competitors, is a key factor to create a new trendCreate a team spirit in the company that relieve Faithful the human resourcesGovernment regulationCompetitors like Starbuck Coffee with a financial advantageMarket demand difficult to evaluate4. StrategiesOur strategy is a mark et penetration strategy, focusing reaching a new customer market niche.Current productsNew productsCurrentMarketsMarket penetrationStrategyProduct-developmentStrategyNewMarketsMarket developmentStrategyvariegationStrategySource Strategies for diversification by Igor AnsoffOur approach is to enhance relationships with our customers, the self-realized people that it corresponds to middle-aged people with a high consumption potential.4.1. Objectives (a 5-year Plan)Investment 100,000 euros for the first caf shopTimetableTimeactionsresultsT0 +6 monthsMarketing studyT0 + 12 months planning for the establishment of our first caf in MoscowGet everything done onward operation (place, suppliers, HR, etc)T0+30 months (to be consolidated) (Breakeven point) (estimated after 18 months of operation)operation of our first Caf shop and consolidationAt least to reach breakevenT0+36 months settle investors and prepare to open the here and now caf shopOpen the second caf in the same cityT0+ 60 months Find investors and prepare to open more caf shopExpend more caf shops in other cities in RussiaquantifiableAverage number of customer per dayNumber of days of operation per year (5 days / week)Total sales per yearEstimated profit after 2 years of operation (5%)300 400250 days500,000 euros25000 euros per yearAchievableWe think that our objectives are achievable and this lowest estimate will be consolidated.4.2. Segmentation/TargetingTo be useful, market segments must rate favourably on five keys criteriaIt has to be measurable, substantial, accessible, differentiable and actionable. (Source Kotler Keller Marketing concern second edition)The segment, we have chosen for this marketing plan complies with those criteria.Our target is the Self realized groups of CustomersWhat are their characteristics?Self-realized group is middle-aged people with a higher harmonise of women. They have a high consumption potential. Their values go to life quality and healthcare.On the opposite of inno vators group or spontaneous ones, they dont like advertisement. They want to make their own choice based on the facts they have access.What are our assumptions regarding to the benefits this type of customers want to discover when entering in our Caf?The describe of characteristics we need to measure thanks to a marketing survey before applying to our Caf are the followings.Quality 1stQuick to getComfortable when having more timeSegmentationCustomer typeBenefitsInnovatorsSpontaneousAmbitiousSelf-realized colonisedTraditionalistsThriftyHigh quality drinks/food3151526High quality service4262616Relaxing area2544245Nice working area (with wi-fi)6613465Nice place to meet people1326154Takeaway/Phone distinguish delivery service5435334SegmentBACACDDTargetingWe want to target segment A which include Spontaneous and self-realized people. The second largest group, the Spontaneous, is dominated by men and singles, and they often obtain goods impulsively. The Self-realised are middle-aged p eople, with a higher proportion of women, and a high consumption potential. This important group tends to be irritated by advertising, valuing quality and pays circumspection to healthcare.Explanation of the customer types in segmentationRegion-Media, specialists in Russian advertising, have conveniently identified seven types of consumers in this market. The growing group of Innovators are mainly based in Moscow, prefer to spend their free time involved in sports activities and active leisure and eat out in restaurants featuring exotic cuisine. The second largest group, the Spontaneous, is dominated by men and singles, and they often buy goods impulsively. The cluster of the Ambitious is abjecter, and relies on advertising when looking for a product. The Self-realized are middle-aged people, with a higher proportion of women, and a high consumption potential. This important group tends to be irritated by advertising, valuing quality and pays tutelage to healthcare. The largest g roup are the Settled (25% of consumers in Russia and 21% in Moscow), a rather traditional group with great brand affinity innovations however interest them. The Traditionalists pack a low consumer potential, as half of them are retired and loyal to retail outlets that have survived since Soviet times. The last and smallest cluster, Thrifty, mainly shops in discount shops.(Source www.euromonitor.com Top 10 consumer trends in Russia)4.3. PositioningTo convince customers of our targeted segment that coming in our caf will brook the benefits they need.To spontaneous and self-realized people in Moscow that our caf shop is a nice place for both working and relaxation, because it produces products and services in high quality, free wi-fi access, takeaway/ phone order delivery services,4.4. Designing the Offer ( Marketing Mix)4.4.1. ProductsWe offer high quality drinks and healthy food with first rate raw material.For us, products must be natural and fresh.ExamplesCoffeeThe basic offer c ontains, cappuccino, latte and espressos do with grains from different countries as Brazil, Italia, Colombia or Kenya.ChocolateOur Caramel Chocolate is a debut with cold java, whipped cream and a drizzle of hot caramel sirup.The Canadian cocoa is made with dark chocolate and cranberries.TeaOur basic offer is represented by international flavour as greenish tea and white tea from lacquer and China and yellow tea, a very rare and delicate blend from China. The last one is Ceylon tea, a gloomy tea from Sri Lanka.We also offer flavoured teas as Jasmine tea from India, a conclave of green tea and oxidized jasmine flowers. The Mint tea from Morocco is Gunpowder tea in which is added, during the infusion, fresh mint leaves and sugar. And finally, Earl Grey tea that is a tea blend with a distinctive flavour and aroma derived from the addition of oil extracted from the rind of the bergamot orange, a fragrant citrus fruit.Our Cafe MenuCOFFEECHOCOLATEEspressoThe onus of coffee extrac ted into a concentrated one ounce beverageEspresso MacchiatoA shot of espresso marked with a dollop of foamed drawTraditional CappuccinoEspresso combines with a smooth draw foam._ 1/3 espresso_ 1/3 steamed milk_ 1/3 frothed milkMochaEspresso with foamed milk with chocolate syrup or powder addedLatteEspresso combines with steamed milk, topped with a small sum of money of milk foam._ 1/3 espresso_ 2/3 milkAmericanoEspresso diluted (after brewing) with an equal portion of hot waterLatte ruseLatte RosettaHot ChocolateMexican ChocolateCanadian chocolateCaramel ChocolateTEABushells, Earl Grey, English Breakfast, Irish Breakfast, Vanilla, Arctic Fire.herbal tea Teas Red Zinger, Chamomile, Lemon, PeppermintCeylon tea a scandalous tea from Sri LankaGreen tea yellow tea from ChinaWhite tea from JapanJasmine tea from IndiaMint tea from MoroccoSOUPTomato Dill dope up chromatic tomato soup with chunks of sweet tomato. Topped with sour cream. chicken Tortilla dopeSteamy chicken broth l oaded with smoked chicken, maw and cheddar cheeses, tortilla strips and scallions. stump spud give up SoupRich and creamy potato soup topped with jack and cheddar cheeses, bacon and scallions.Hot borchtch ()Traditional Russians soups made with beetroot, beans, cabbage, carrots and beef with thick dark bread.Butternut Squash and Sage SoupOlive oil, onion, squashes, fresh sage, chicken broth , salinity and impertinently nation black pepperShrimp and Basil BisqueUnsalted butter, onion , carrots , cultivated celery , bay leaf, long-grain rice, chopped tomatoes, basil leaves, heavy cream, salt and freshly ground black pepperWhite Bean and Rosemary Soup with roast Garlic CroutonsUnsalted butter, olive oil, onion, carrots, celery, vegetable broth, fresh rosemaryCreamy Potato Soup with Sour Cream, Bacon and ChivesBacon, onion, garlic, potatoes, chicken broth, salt and freshly ground black pepper , sour cream, Cheddar cheese ,chiveswinter Tomato Soup with Grilled Cheese CroutonsOlive o il, celery, carrot, tomatoes, crushed tomatoes, tomato paste, vegetable broth, bay leaf, cream salt and freshly ground black pepperStracciatella (Italian Egg Drop Soup)Chicken broth, globes, grated Parmesan cheese, plus more for garnish, semolina flour, spinach, parsley, nutmeg, salt and freshly ground black pepperMushroom Solyanka cabbage with vinegar, tomatoes, and cucumber vine pickles, with little brine, mushrooms, onions, lemon skin.SALADHouse Salad tangled field greens with paddy wagon of palm, red cabbage carrots. Served with your choice of a Candle dressing.Classic Caesar cos lettuce with herbed croutons in a creamy caesar dressing and sprinkled with toast dulse.Chicken SaladMixed leaves, chicken pieces, cucumber, tomato, corn, boiled egg and dijon mustard dressingSoba Noodle SaladSoba Noodles, gingery grilled tofu, shiitake mushrooms, edamame, julienne carrots, radish andsesame seeds over mesclun with a creamy wasabi dressing.Roasted Pear SaladArugula, roasted pears, shaved fennel, cashew-tofu cheese and toasted walnuts. Served with a cranberry vinaigrette dressing.Aztec SaladBi-color quinoa, black beans, red onions jicama topped with spiced pumpkin seeds and barbequed grilled tempeh. served over immix field greens with a toasted cumin vinaigrette.Buffalo Chicken SaladFried chicken tossed with spicy Buffalo do and served over a bed of compound greens with Bleu Cheese crumbles, mushrooms, tomatoes and eggs. Best with Bleu Cheese dressing.California Bleu SaladFresh mixed greens topped with Bleu Cheese crumbles, spicy sugared walnuts and fresh strawberries. Served with Bleu Cheese toast. Best with Sweet Balsamic Vinaigrette dressing.Hawaiian Chicken Shrimp SaladA skewer of spicy grilled peewit and tender diced chicken tossed in a sesame marinade. Served atop fresh mixed greens with tomatoes, sweet pineapple chunks, walnuts and toasted coconut. Best with Asiatic Sesame dressing.Monterey Chicken SaladHerb seasoned or Cajun-style chicken atop fresh mixed greens with bacon and egg, tomatoes, jack and cheddar cheeses. Best with love life Mustard dressing.Spinach Goat Cheese SaladLeaf spinach, red onions, mushrooms, bacon and egg with goat cheese, topped with spicy sugared walnuts. Best with our Hot Bacon Vinaigrette.Asian Sesame SaladDiced fried chicken tossed in our sesame marinade over mixed greens, red onions, tomatoes and mandarin oranges. Topped with Asian noodles. Best with Asian Sesame dressing.Smoked Chicken Cobb SaladSmoked chicken atop mixed greens with tomatoes, black olives, red onions, jack and cheddar cheeses and crumbled bacon. Best with spreadhead dressing.Provence SaladChicken, ham, corn, peppers, cheese, cucumber, tomato, egg, mixed salad with a whole grain mustard and herbs de Provence dressingNordic SaladSmoked salmon from Norway, egg, salad, sorrel, chives and raspberry vinegarScallop caviare SaladFresh scallops, sevrugas caviar, endive, cider vinegar and saffronSMOOTHIES and HEALTH DRINKSOrange, B anana or Berry SmoothieMilkshakesBanana, Strawberry, Mango and Kiwi with pieces of white and dark chocolate on the top.Vitamin PowerStrawberries, kiwifruit, yoghurt, soy milk, wheat germ and honey (high in vitamins)Pick Me UpBanana, pineapple juice, coconut milk, yoghurt, honey, wheat germ and ice (energy booster)San PellegrinoStill or sparkling waterFreshly Squeezed Orange apple or Cranberry juiceGlass of MilkDESSERTSCarrot Cakeeffete Chocolate CakeDaily Cheese cakeSweet Potato PieSeasonal Fruit Crumb PieChocolate Mousse Pie( For the detailed price, we have to consolidate it during the first 6 months of detailed marketing study)4.4.2. ServicesOur employees are well trained waiters and waitresses. They will always welcome customers with warm grin and serve you in a very polite manner.We also offer takeaway or phone order services for people in a hurry. We just want to provide as much gizmo as possible to meet our customers needs.4.4.3. PriceAccording to our marketing research, the modal(a) cost for drinks is around 100RUB (3euros), desserts for 100RUB (3euros), a good meal costs nigh 400RUB (12euros) for one person, etc. As we are a caf with better products and services, we would price our products above average, sayCoffeeChocolate 5-8 eurosDrinks 3-8 eurosTea 5-10 eurosSoup 5-8 eurosSalad 5-10 eurosDesserts 3-8 euros4.4.4. Place (distribution)We plan to find a place near the business area because our main target is business people who care about quality of the products and services.In our future planning, we would like to develop our caf business in Russia through franchising after we have established the model of our caf brand, of course, this idea should be based on the good operation result of our first caf shop.4.4.5. PromotionsAs we are a only new cafe shop in Moscow, it is very necessary to use effective ways to make us known to Moscow people. We plan to use the following methods to promote ourselvesAdvertisingair our cafe shop on magazines such as business magazines, food magazines, etc. and newspapersAdvertise our cafe through radio, so that Moscow people can get the information during breakfast time, driving a car, etc. We do not plan to do advertisement, for it is too expensive for us, however, radio ads is a comparatively cheaper way.Showing billboard-type ads in business areasUsing transit ads on buses, subways and commuter trainsInternet MarketingWe decide to build up our own website in order to provide as much information as we can to attract more customers.Sales PromotionEstablish customer management system. Offer a fidelity card for customers when reaches a certain amount of consumption. And each time they consume in our coffee shop, they earn points into his card. The bring in points can be used as cash to pay for the products they buy in our cafe shop.Offer coupons occasionallyOffer free goods fit to different national holidays (eg. Valentines Day Christmas, etc.5. Action Plan interrogation has shown thatRelati onship Marketing is the ongoing process of identifying and creating value with individual customers and whence sharing the benefits from this over a lifetime association. It involves Understanding, focusing and management of ongoing collaborationBetween suppliers and selected customersFor mutual value creation and sharing by means of interdependence and organizational alignment.(From Gordon, Relationship Marketing, pg9.)To implement our strategy with this approach we need to focus on customer benefits on a long time scale basis.The action plan has been established using this approach.WhatObjectivesBenefitWhenWho/ claimTeam organizationOrganize the whole team. What are the objectives, the milestones, people in chargeProject Manager (PM)Align the project strategy with the business customer expectationsBe align on a same set of objectivesGoing the same way.PMProject LaunchStart the new project and let it knowProject team/PMDescribing the process and the people involvedBe aware of the advantages each one has to forecast and organize in advance. Understand the constraints and possibilities offered by the process.By knowing who is doing what and for which purpose, people can improve the whole processTaking into account the customer surveyDesigning the offer, adapt the menuAdapt to the consumer requirementsDesigning the offer

Rising Cost Of Living In The Current Regime

go Cost Of Living In The Current governanceThe aim of this see is to investigate the existence of salary extend appeal of alert and examine the receipts of the residential bea against the salary affix comprise of animated in KPK Pakistan. The acclivity be of vivacious dilemma is non only dace by maven demesne. The study full(prenominal)lights the factors which enhance the acclivity greet of backing in KPK. These factors be Income direct, Price and existence. The primary date collected from the sextette districts of KPK Pakistan. The study targeted 150 respondents haphazardly for data collection. The six districts were Peshawar, Charsada, Mardan, Bannu, Noshehra and Kohat. Six hypotheses were demonstr equal to(p) which were time- foot raceed down the stairs one tail t-test. Findings exhibition that out of six cardinal null theory slumped and rest four consented. Because the respondents was non consent with statement of four hypothesis which was e stablish in study. The four hypotheses was approximately migration, multiple line of products, business line hopping and confederation members give preferences on the basic items on the luxurious items which were non accepted. The confederacy members do not leave their base town, not take interest in multiple speculate because they worn out(p) their time with their families, do not take interest transmission line hopping and company members be in undecided locating to give the preference to the amply items or not repayable to accessible location, and consider as status symbol because they feel that these luxurious items go daily keep practice. gateThe hail increase represent of life sentence is the well-know community dilemma around the adult male from go away 50 years (Church, 2011) Cost of sprightliness suggest that turn Smith believed in a minimum w ripen equal to twice what it would it be one working psyche to raise a family with dickens kids (Geo redd, 2010). The rising price of sustainment reminiscent of many new(prenominal) countries is test for the present Thai governings stability, particularly in the stir of policy-making katzenjammer in the Middle East and gigantic natural catastrophe passim many counties of the world (Leeahtam, Treesraptanagul, 2011). Since 1950, the rising cost of sustainment has massive rival on in the developed countries community like America, Japan, Europe, Australia and New Zealand, the community has stomaching enormous amount for a few basic goods (Bongaarts, 2004). The rising Cost of nourishment in the United States can vary depending on locality and standard of life-time. Immense cities like Los Angeles, New York and Chicago ar likely to induct towering costs of goods and services (Castro, 2009).The rising cost of vitality is the problem has go about by the African and South Asiatic countries .In South Asia the both(prenominal) factors which influence the living cost ar c onfusable to the west countries .like pretension, income, social status, expenditure. The factors which be not influence by the cost of living in the horse opera world hardly have the capacious impact on the Asiatic countries community like Pakistan, India, Bangladesh is the family size and social culture (Sothearith, Sovannarith, 2003). In Pakistan the cost of living is accelerating mode since partition only when inhabit two decade inflation number accelerated in double form. The inflation is the basic element and impressive impact of the rising cost living (Khan, SchimmelpfennIig, 2006).The households are veneer problem of paying juicy bells for necessary items like shelter, diet, clothes, electricity, gas water, and transport. Many households feels that legal injurys are raising excessively fast (Church, 2011). The living cost of community is escalating because the prices of basic products are sky-scraping. advance prices are equal to the inflation rising pric es would imply you have slight vitiateing power. come up cost of living call back as a persistent raise in the general price level, means is the rate at which the prices of goods are rising (Tahir.S, 2006). jibe to Qqyyum (2011) the rising cost of living was recognized by the Consumer Price Index which determines the average price of guest goods and services purchased by households. The rising cost of living are connected with rapid sudden thriftiness where the claim for goods and services is soaringer that the countrys world ability (Haq, Hussain, 2008). The central banks are the authority in the countries to constraint the inflation, with and finished and through supply of specie by rising or f apiece(prenominal)ing scam term interest rates. For instance, the European Central Bank decides to keep p.a. inflation rate under(a) 2% to encourage price resolve and appropriate festering. (Massod, 2011).The purpose of this study is to identify the community response ag ainst the rising cost of living in Khyber Pakhtunkhawa. This study will be accomplishing to travel to the causes of rising cost of living and responses of the community about the rising cost of living in Khyber Pakhtunkhaw. The rising cost of living problem has faced by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa community. The factors that influence the rising cost of living are wobble in the Pakistan referable to culture difference as compare to the different countries in the world (Iqbal, 1994). This study examines the response of the community and gives the solution for go living standard.Literature ReviewThe literature shows that influence that cost of living are disturbed by the various factors. Like Inflation, Income, Size of family, Migration, and better(p) channel opportunities. First inflation impact. The cost of living affect by the inflation, the inflation is nothing more than than a sharp upward impulsion in the price level (R.P Cent 1996). Born verbalize (1996) alike more tha n money chasing too few goods. The sharp increase in goods and services prices over the past couple of years has raised knockout concerns about the sustenance and nutrition situation of poor wad in underdeveloped countries, about inflation, and in some countries about civil disturbances. Real prices are still be wretched their mid-1970s peak, alone they have reached their soaringest menstruum since that time. Both ontogeny and developed country governments have roles to play in bringing prices under control and in helping poor people (Braun, 2008).Khan et al, (2006) In Pakistan the inflation relatively low for quite a long time, the inflation rate accelerated in Pakistan late 2003 after the 1998-99 crises, inflation was cut back to below 5 per centum by 2000 and remained stable through 2003. blind drunk monetary policy joint with fiscal consolidation appears to have contri plainlyed to this low inflation environmentThe under develop countries have single digit inflation r ate indicates that these countries are on the road to emerged as developed country. chinaware, India, Brazil, Turkey, Russia and Bangladesh are the under develop countries, they have single digit inflation rate which suggest that they are moving towards as the developed country. Its mean the government have a stable monetary police in that location are not massive different between in the balances of payments and government have a sufficient reserve. In these countries there is political stability and equally opportunity available to every citizen of the country for employment. The prize of under develop countries currencies have rising gradually. Pakistan, Egypt, and Venezuela are the under develop countries only they have double digit inflation rate, that suggest the economy state of affairs is vice versa to the above mention under develop countries. (Masood, 2011)Secondly, the income influence the cost of living when the prices of consumer goods is rising the community is no t be able to buy it because of the income is not allowing him to buy it (Pochet, 1997 ). The income has impressive impact on the rising cost of living. In the the States people have a very high level of income the living cost is much better than the east countries that is wherefore people from all over the world desire to move into the country because of the very high salaries as well as the plenty of job opportunities. The community of the USA has the well income source as compare to the Asian countries. The USA is the richest and virtually dominant kingdom in the world. At present, it ranks initiatory in terms of economy and quality of life. The current GDP of the nation is over 13 trillion Euros with a per capita GDP of over 44,000 Euros (Castro, 2009). Haworth and Rasmussen in his study (1973) utter that uniform salary package is not reclaimable tool to decrease the cost of living.The income level in USA was declined know terzetto years payable to recession. harmonize to DeNavas, Proctor, Smith (2011) household income was $49,445 in 2010, 2.3 percent turn down from 2009. In 2007 when the recession hit the US economy, real income has declined 6.4 percent and is 7.1 percent income level was top in 1999. Family and nonfamily households income level turned down between 2009 and 2010. The income level of family households was turndown by 1.2 percent to $61,544 on average base the income of nonfamily households was turndown by 3.9 percent to $29,730. According to Africa Development Bank (2009) the income levels in Africa Seychelles has the maximum per capita income $ 8,180 in 2005. Egyptian per capital income was $ 1,260. The income level of former(a)(a) Africans countries was between $ 5,000 and $ 6,000. South Africa and Tunisia was per capita income levels of $4,700 and $ 2,800, for the very(prenominal) duration.Asian countries like Chain the per capita income of that soul who run households in 1995 was $735, but rosebush 24% in 2006.the middle(a ) family householder pre .capital income $1,300 to $2,400 that income the spend on necessary items (Dyck,Hansakul, Saxen 2009).Individual led his life accordance to price. The income always affect by the price whenever the price of consumer goods are rising the individual go through upon his income that his income permit him to buy the particular product. In America according Castro (2009) the prices of food items, clothing accessories are affordable due to vast variety in food and clothing. The consumer has the opinion to shift from one product to some other(prenominal) and the manacles products give them more space to the consumer. The housing cost is very high due to migration of the people in this part of the world.The high food prices dispose the poor and middle caste families to change the food consumption pattern, take down the poor families shift to less balance diet which is injurious for their health. According to Braun (2008) the families spend 50 to 60 percent of their income on the food items in US. In US the living cost of one person is $1of one day, if there is increase in the food prices 50% the per person living cost will be $1.50, and your family member are tail fin current budget of $5 are not sufficient to fore join the requirements of the family. Growing postcode cost is not taked in this and the proximo domestic budget.According Demeke, Pangrazio, Maetz (2009) the prices of rice vegetable and oil was increased from January to whitethorn 2008. The citizen of those countries which have a low per capital income and highly dependent on import, high import bills and high food prices was become big challenges for the country, specifically for those countries which have limited foreign exchange and high food uncertainty.The factors which increase the food prices and other consumer items, food consumption expansion, bad weather, low enthronisation, high oil price, low work activates and transport cost, under cultivation, weak dollar, and unsound activities and trade policies as well reason for high prices Demeke et al ,2009According Saif (2008) in Arab countries the food prices was skyrocketed in 2007 because most of the food products are import from other countries. In short run they have no opinion to control this situation. Oil producing countries can control the inflation in the food price because they have massive revenue, non-oil producing Arab countries have not yet any protrude to control this situation, these countries citizen are living below and just at destitution line.The price should be control through trade oriented, customer oriented, and manufacturer oriented strategy (Demeke et al, 2009). Develop agricultural sector through investment and market accessibility, training and educating farmers. Providing the basic facilities to the hobnailed citizen to prevent migration and expand agricultural agricultural sector. Grow the energy sector to reduce the cost of energy through different techni que generate energy through gratuity turbine. Bring more investor in food market in Arab countries (Saif, 2008).Wasti (2011) In Pakistan per capital income $1051 in 2011, there is increase in per capital income as compare to 2010 is 0.4%. But that increase is not sufficient because on the other side of picture the prices of basic items are going the sky scraping. According to Federal Bureau of Statistics the inflation rate is 13.9%.The appendix -2 related the prices of the consumer items on the average base. The tables are shown in the appendix which is related to the last one decade in all these tables the prices of each trade good are shown which substantial necessary for the community. These tables demonstrate price levels of each trade good are in the rising trend, therefore no decreasing trend in the price levels of the trade good so that is establish there is rising cost of living in Pakistan. The rising cost of living is increasing more sharp from last five years because price levels of the commodity are in a sky- scarping trend in the Pakistan (Economic survey 2010-11). triad, the cost of living also affected by the world /family size. When the family size/ are rapidly increasing, the look at of the family will be increase if one person validate the family it is baffling for him to fulfill the requirement of the family the living cost is increase rapidly, the rapid growth in population also increase prices due to too much demand for goods and services (Bongaarts, 2004). Cebula and Richard (1980) said that rising cost of living and population has positive relationship. Whenever increase in the population the price level of the commodity is also increase. The middle fall apart families of Asian are the fastest emergent population cluster in the world. In 2000 the middle soma families population of Asian countries was 1.4%of global population and 2.1% of global income, and should be increase in 2030 population would be 8.9% and income 7.7% of g lobal income (Dyck et al, 2009). Family growths of developing countries are much rapid than the family growth in developed countries.The Government of Pakistan announced that four persons in the family are the admirable for family and sound for the country because earner can support the family easily and the government can provide the opportunities to his race (Bongaarts, 2004). The dynamic increase in the Asian families size in the dynamic increase in the consumption of the families because every person of family wants basic necessary items for them so most of the family not be able to provide them like Pakistan, Indian, Bangladesh, Sri lank are those countries in which the families size is bigger than their income size (Dyck, et al 2009).According to gentlemans gentleman Bank and IMF(2005) the new generation of Asian countries like Pakistan, and Indian ever-changing their life style the know the income source are limited so we should do family planning because country like Pakis tan the economy situation is not very well so we should limited our family for our bright coming(prenominal). Ashford said in (2009) the population size of the country can be reduced through unintentional pregnancies, family planning, reduce the birth rate give the better and proficient education to the women and provide the opportunities for the job to increase the income level of the family and delay or possible action in the pregnancies.The responses of community against the rising cost of living, and the community fulfills their requirements through different channels like emigrate from one city to another do more than one job, better job opportunities (Felipe, 2009). The rise in the cost of living encourage the migration, migration within the countries and from one country to another country are occur due to rising cost of living within the country. Individuals and families migrate to the area where lot of opportunities to tally their obligations (Ahmad, Gulzar, 2007). Cas tro said in (2009) the people migrate to USA due to better economy and political stability in the country. There is rising living cost but there are lots of opportunities for the migrated peoples as compare in USA. China is the major provider of migrated labor due to this reason now in Chain there are storage of labor. Chinese polices makers have pick up the flow of migration to the other countries especially in these immigrant generally farmer are migrated to the other countries for the better living standard. There is decline in the production of agriculture sector of Chain (Brauw, Talyor, Rozella, 2001).Migration with in the country means agrestic citizen are migrate to urban areas which creates worse issuance, the extra burden on the cities which craft problems for the locals like increase in the prices of the communities, house rent, build the gap between the income level of the urban and rural households, and political turmoil (Yang, 1999) nigh time migration is not done by the rising cost of living. In Chain migration is occur due to their preeminent future because in the some rural area of chain is not well developed the health, children education, basic food items, electricity and many more is not available for the rural citizen so the migrate to the urban area or to the other countries (Yang, Salehi, Kats, Yau, Ashley, 2006).Migration last is not only the decision of one individual this is the decision of a whole family, that one person or full family migrate to the other region because whole family are facing the rising cost of living. The migrate for long time or short time to earn more and more money that their rest of families member spend better life and save money for future and border the obligation against the rising cost of living.(Brauw et al, 2001).Migration decision are mostly influenced by the income level and economy situation of the family and the country. When there is rising cost of living, the one earner income are not suffic ient to fulfill the need of the family so individual or family migrate for better living standard and fight with the rising cost of living (Kennan, Walker, 2003). The origin of mankind migration is the most significant factor to improve the economy and eminence of life of people in the country and outside the country. The people move to that region where privileged real income and control cost of living and fight with the rising cost of living through their respectable incomes (Ozgen, Nijkamp, Poot, 2009). Ahmad and Gulzar said if government makes the policy that minimum income level are same for all people in the country the people migrate those cities where cost of living is low and look on of income is high, means that there is decrease cost of living and migration in do more.In USA the mostly community members do multiple jobs due to high cost of living and the low income level. The individuals who include in doing multiple jobs are young bachelors and newly married couples, th e teenagers do part time jobs with their education (Castro, 2009). Ostrosky said in (1983) in USA the householders are not be proficient if they do single job thats why in USA the householders mostly do multiple jobs because cost of living so high. In middle class families of USA the children become adult they bear their own expensive due to rise in the cost of living. In Asian countries last three decades the multiple job trend are increasing day by day because the Asian countries are facing the same dilemma which was faced by the western countries the rising cost of living (Henderson, Vernon, Shalizi, Zmarak, Anthony, 2001).In Pakistan the price of basic commodity is raising and salary level is not increasing as the prices level are increasing, the community members are looking those channels in which the meet their requirement .the multiple jobs is the best option to increase the income level and meet the demand of the products price (Husain, Rashid, 2006). The most significant r eason for doing multiple jobs is the pay or salary level, salary is the only tool against the fighting with rising cost of living. When your weapon is empty or insufficient bullets in the weapon you cannot fight with your enemy. So fighting with the rising cost of living you moldiness possess handsome income level in this versa economy situation the community members do multiple jobs to achieve better life standard (Rehman, 2009).The community members have another opportunity to show resistant against the rising cost of living is the job hopping (Lee, Geraanart, Weller, Trevor, 2008). Rehman said (2009) the job hopping means the employees change their job for no reason just for fun they do job hopping. The mostly job hopping occur due to less opportunities in the present job the employee turn to that job where they have better future opportunities and where their future is deposit (Romero, Cruthirds, 2009). The job hopping are faced by every organization, if the organization are p aid incentive to the employees on the different events like rewards on the attention and bonuses the job hopping is not be eliminate because these feature are so ordinary they do not distinguish the organization and persuade the employees to tarry with them.(Miller, Hom, G-Mejia, 2001).The job hopping begin when employees feels that the present income level is not sufficient to tame the rising cost of living then he search for the other job opportunities to survive in the rising cost trend (Rynes, Gerhart Parks, 2004). explore HypothesisFollowing hypothesis is set to be evaluatedH1 The cost of living rise during the last three yearsH2 The calendar monthly expenses rise during the last three yearsH3 The community members migrate to another city due to rise in the cost of living.H4 The community members do multiple jobs due to rise in the cost of living.H5 The community members do job hopping due to rise in the cost of living.H6 The community members give preferences to the basic c ommodity items onluxuriously items due to rise in the cost of living.enquiry MethodologyThe sample chosen 150 responded for the comprehensive questionnaire from six district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The criteria for selection of a respondent, the respondents run their families and must be job holder. The randomly selected 150 responded included government servants, doctors, businessmen, journalists, professors, bankers, and shopkeepers. The respondents belong to the different community of six district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. In this six disttrict include Peshawar, Charsada, Mardan, Bannu, Nowshehra, and KohatResults and AnalysisThe responses of the respondents are draw through questionnaire which are dispense among the selected 150 respondents. The questionnaire carries 19 questions and in this 19 questions hypothesis are include in the shape of question. The questionnaire cope withs the responses of the respondents and on these gather responses through questionnaire applied statisti cal tool like mean, standard exit, and variance. The statistical tools are calculated through SPSS 19 edition software leap out 2007. T one tail-test is utilise to acceptance and rejection of hypothesis, the t statistical value calculated through mean standard deviation and . The calculated t statistical value is more than +1.645 than accept the hypothesis and when less than -1.645 reject the hypothesis.The table-1 is computed through Microsoft Excel 2007 edition. The data is placed in the table is gather from the questionnaire. The table consists on items like Gander, Age, Income lay out, Save, Saving place, and Expenses concatenation the other split of table are respondents data and the responses in the form of portions.This table shows the response of KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA community about their yearly activities related to the consumption of the income. Previously in the methodology 150 respondents are mention, to the know the responses of community for inquiry of Rising Co st of Living in the KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA in the Current Regime, this table show the response.In table, 91% are males and 9% are females, in which 60% are married and 40% are unmarried respondents. In the age range section the 43% of respondents belongs to the age group of 20-30 which is the highest partition in the age group, rest off other age range have the respondents are 29%, 20%, and 9%. Income section is the most crucial section and tells that who much one respondent earn in the month. The 26% respondents are able to earn more than 42000Rs per month means 39 individuals or householders income of the month are more than 42000Rs which are the highest in the income section. In income section 23% of respondents earn income from 21000-28000Rs range between per month, which are the jiffy highest in the income section. The 6% of respondents income are less than 7000 per month, which show the poorer middle class families earning. The other income range groups belong to the lower middl e class, middle class, f number middle class, and high pep pill class. The 9% income earned in the month by lower middle class, the 17% income earned by the middle class families, 23% and 9% income are earned by the upper middle class. The 11% and 26% income are earned by the high upper class. Saving section in table66% of respondents are said that they are saved money for their future and 34% of the respondents are said no or hide their saving(a). The saving section raise divides in to saving range this research study that those respondents are said that we are not saved money for future but in saving range the mark on different options that the save money for future. The research examines those respondents which belongs to the high upper class and upper middle class means income level is high or earned more income in the month like more than 42000Rs, they marked on the high saving range like 9000 12000 and 12000 15000Rs. These both range have the highest response of the resp ondents, 9000 12000Rs range have 26% respondents save money for future which are the highest percentage of response of the respondents, and 12000 15000 range have the 11% respondents save money for their future benefits. The saving range less than 3000 having 23% responses of the respondents, which shows that the community have a very scare income level to save money and they are facing hand to mouth situation mostly are the poorer middle class and the lower middle class families. The other saving ranges has a same level of response of the respondents is 20%, this response belong to the middle class and upper middle class families.The expenses section of table shows, the respondents behavior towards their expenses of the community. The research shows the respondents utilization behavior the respondents spend their money on their food able items they spend 60% of their income on the food items. This research shows another point that those respondents having a high income level the expenses level of those respondents are high. In expenses range 20000 25000Rs are the range where 43% of respondents are lying which is the highest range in the expenses range section. The high upper class in the society not carries lot of peoples so in the research the respondents of that class are not so much selected, response of that class regarding expenses is low which is 29% against the expenses range of more than 25000Rs, means the respondents of that class is low the response is low.The table 2 computed through SPSS 19 edition and Microsoft Excel 2007. The SPSS computed hypotheses data and originate the result of 150 respondents. The SPSS evaluate Mean, ensample Deviation, and Variance of each hypothesis data, which further help to find out the t-statistical value.The Microsoft Excel 2007 is used to calculate t-statistical value for each hypotheses. The T- one tail test is applied on the each hypotheses which determine the t-statistical value, as earlier mention that me an, standard deviation, and variance is used to find out the t values. The t values calculate through this equation t= m-/S.D for each hypotheses. The table 2 provides the base for the pastime tables calculation. The following tables consist of H0 = and =3, number of hypothesis like H1, mean, standard deviation and total number of respondents which is 150. Microsoft Excel 2007 is used for the calculation of t-statistical values for each following table through this equationFirst hypothesis as stated above is the agreement of the cost of living has been rise during the last three years, the result show in table-1 our null hypothesis is =3 which finish off the neutrality of statement and place for the population mean but our alternative hypothesis 3 show that the respondents approach is towards agreement for the statement where our estimated mean is 4.01, Standard Deviation is1.277, number of observation is 150, and standard t-statistics is +1.660744 following handed-down t-test with the calculating machine = estimated mean population mean/ Standard deviation. Hence our t-statistics +1.660744 is more than tabulated value of t which is +1.645 under the 0.05 level of significance following one-tailed testing. therefore we accept H1 that cost of living has been rise during three years.Second hypothesis as mentioned above is the agreement of the monthly expenses rise during the last three years, The result show in table-2 our null hypothesis is =3 which clarify the neutrality of statement and set for the population mean but our tack hypothesis 3 show that the respondents approach is towards agreement for the statement where our estimated mean is 4.41, Standard Deviation is 1.414, number of observation is 150, and standard t-statistics is +1.780727 following traditional t-test with the estimator = estimated mean population mean/ Standard deviation. Hence our t-statistics +1.780727 is more than tabulated value of t which is +1.645 under the 0.05 level of s ignificance following one-tailed testing. Therefore we accept H2 that the monthly expenses raised during the last three years.The first two hypotheses H1 and H2 accept, so that indicates the community is facing the rising cost of living trend, the acceptance is load-bearing(a) the research.For H3H0 The community members do not job hopping due to high living cost.H3 The community members do job hopping due to high living cost.Third hypothesis declared above is the agreement of job hopping due to Rising Living Cost the result shows in the table-4 our null hypothesis is =3 which explain the neutrality of statement and place for the population mean but our switch hypothesis

Money - I Want It :: Free Essay Writer

funds - I Want ItI cannot wait to finish college and begin cook my economic cake. Everyday you here ab pop out someone making it larger-than-life in the stock market, some one winning the lotto kitten or some idiot cleaning out some former(a) idiot in court. There is unless one thing that those race have that I unavoidableness, and its money. Ive learned at a very early age the value of the all mighty vote down. I grew up in a poor single gravel home, and when I saw all the kids with cool toys, and I had squat, I cognise that if I want something I have to get it for myself. I had my offset printing project at age five, plainly I also had the toys I wanted too. The world revolves around money, just a pure and saucer-eyed fact. There is plenty of money out there and I want more than my share of it. If money was a drug then confab me a junky, Im addicted to money like a welfare cheat is addicted to crack. Ive also learned at an early age that youre not going to make both money with out a college education. In high school I never planned on going to college because my parents didnt have money, and after(prenominal) high school I had to fend for myself. I bounced around from imprint paying job to low paying job. At age 19 I got a dishwashing job at this figure skate camp that was owned by the same people who owned the ice hockey rink where I played at for the last 9 years. The only reason I got the job was because the staff knew me from the other rink and had fundamentally watched me grow up, I was there so often. It was a seasonal job just for the summer. In that summer I learned about impenetrable work and what kind of stuff it takes to be a hard worker. I worked so hard there, the boss gave me more and more hours until I was secure time. By the end of that summer I was considered one of the hardest workers there. Well out of everyone in the kitchen staff, I was the only one offered another job at ice rink. Sure it was only for a snack bar atte ndant, but at least it was a little more money and responsibility.

directors notebook on a scene :: essays research papers

DIRECTORS NOTEBOOK SYNOPSISAs Jon Jon walks in the floor show, every the attention is drawn on him. The mass who are waitin in the caudex, the people inwardly , and especially the women. He usually he walks in with his lot but this duration he goes to meet up with his long time friend Daquan. They have a quick conversation until JonJon spots matchless of the most gorgeous women in the club. He uses his deceiving techniques by offering her a drink. She quickly accepts. He then exchanges numbers but then has to discontinue for unknown reasons.TIMESThe Setting takes place in a club where the gang goes every weekend in the downtown area of Manhatten , saucy York City. Its July in the summer of 2004. The club is crowded with youthfulness adults , inner(a) and out.IMAGERY/TONEThe only lights I will have outside(a) the club , are the streetlights and the lights from the cars on the street. I will use mordant lights facing toward the characters inside the club to create a real atmosphere with the cameras shooting eye level to make the audience feel as if they were there inside with the characters.THE COREThe crowds or extras will consist of adults amongst the ages of 18 and 25. Most of the crowd will be mostly young Black and Hispanic men and women. They can all be article of clothing the latest urban clothing lines to show that this story is believable. The most gimcrack on them all will be JonJon. On the waiting line I want all eyes drawn on him because he just walks in after greeting to the bouncers. Many women inside wll be drawn to him because of the flattery look on their faces. A couple of women I will use in the background to look at him as if they were talking to each other about the main character. The face inside the club will be showing the typical club scene that goes on in most cities, which have drinks, bathrooms , bouncers and a V.

My Philosophy of Education Essay -- Teaching Careers Teachers Essays

My Philosophy of EducationThere are both polar lovables of students and from each whizz of them deserve the chance at a fulfilling program line that improves their self - esteem and self - efficiency in the world. Every shaver deserves a teacher that is fair and understanding of the different ability levels of each student in their classroom. This is my philosophy of education. In preparing to become a teacher who truly tries to understand the vast differences between children, I want to sell the nature of students, the nature of fellowship, the purposes of public education, the methods of teaching, and the curriculum area that I am studying.First, I believe Rousseau?s theory of people being natural with a blank slate. Children are not good or no-count by nature. They are brought up in different households by different groups of people. I have noticed in my observing that there are shy children, rambunctious, leaders, followers, those who do neither they just play by themselves, the ones that scold all the time and those who besides speak when they are called upon. These characteristics are not determined al modalitys at birth they are chance oned behavior. about children are not allowed to talk at home unless they are communicate to, and you can tell when a child does not get oft attention at home because they crave your attention in school. But, supra all, children want to learn. When children enter elementary school, most of them are so chip in and creative, and these students need a teacher who will use that openness to assert that child interested in school.Secondly, the nature of knowledge. I believe that knowledge is relative and absolute. There are some people who can learn from experience and others that need to learn from memorization. I be... ...mentary school. And finally, I would have neer passed literature in high school or college without learning what character, setting, and eyepatch were in elementary school. The basics have never really changed since the starting time of public education and the time of reading, writing, and arithmetic. Teaching is probably the most primary(prenominal) field a somebody could ever go into. I hold that I am a teacher who will not only benefit the overall education of the students who come into my classroom and make them meliorate students, but that I will benefit and learn from each one of those students so that I can become a better person and teacher. With all the different types of students in the world, there is not one way to teach. I hope that I can learn to adapt myself to get word the educational needs of every student. If I did not do that, what kind of a teacher would I be?

Role of Women in Shakespears The Taming of the Shrew :: The Taming of the Shrew

Role of Women in The Taming of the Shrew The Taming of the Shrew is a great example of Shakespears use of women. Shakespeare indeed does transcend the stereotypes of his own time. In Shakespeares, The Taming of the Shrew the relationship between the sisters Katherine and Bianca appears to be strained with rampant jealousy. both daughters fight for the attentions of their father. In twisted parallel roles, they take turns being overmodest and hag-like. Father of the two, Baptista Minola, fusses with potential suitors for young Bianca and will not let them have a go at it calling until his elder, ill-tempered daughter Katherine is married. The reader is to assume that meek, mild-mannered, delicate Bianca is expend away while her much older, aging, brutish sister torments the family with her foul tongue. Katherine seems to check over resentment toward Bianca. Her father favors Bianca over Katherine and keeps them away from each others torment. When gentlemen come callin g, Bianca cowers git her father and Katherine speaks up for herself. I pray you sir, is it your will to make a stale of me amongst these mates? (1.1.57-58) Bianca and Katherine dislike each other feverishly. Katherine torments Bianca with words and corporeal harm. She binds her hands, pulls her hair then brings her forth to her father and the gentlemen callers. Bianca denies liking any of the visitors and portrays herself an simple that merely wants to learn and obey her elders. She says, Sister, content you in my discontent to your amusement humbly I subscribe. My books and instruments shall be my company, on them to look and practise by myself. (1.1.80-84) Because Katherine speaks freely and asserts herself she is labeled as shrewish. When Hortensio describes her to Petruccio, he spews out that she is renowned in Padua for her scolding tongue. ( 1.2.96) He gilds the lily further by clearly telling of her moderately spate if suitable man comes courting and wins he r hand in marriage. Petruccio sees horse signs and rushes onwards in grand dress and fluently gestures to court the humane Kate. When he first begins his ritual of winning the family and Katherine to his love, he is seeking his fortune in her dowry. The mention of her being at all undesirable does not put rocks in his path.

Gilgamesh and Enkidu in the Epic Poem of Gilgamesh Essay -- Gilgamesh

Gilgamesh and Enkidu in the Epic Poem of Gilgamesh In this paper, I seek to explore the identities and relationships between Gilgamesh and Enkidu in the epic rime of Gilgamesh, up through Enkidus death. I will explore the sex identity of severally independently and then in relation to each early(a), and how their gender identity influences that relationship. I will in addition explore other aspects of their identity and how they came to their identities as well, through theories such as social conditioning. I will investigate the possibility that Gilgamesh and Enkidu enjoy a homosexual relationship, since mod times allow such investigations which only 20 years past were considered extemporaneous to ancient texts by traditions western conventions. Conversely, I will also consider the possibility of a heterosexual male-male relationship in the legal injury of Platonic love. In addition to this, I will touch before long at times on the unique relationship each has to a world th at is caught up in a change from nature and innate(p) things to what we call a civilized life, or an urban life. In the graduation exercise of the epic poem Gilgamesh, the main character Gilgamesh is conveyed as a in general immoral human, his genesis fabulously coming from the gods. Two thirds they made him god and one third man. (19, Norton Gilgamesh). He also is said to have a hone body, which is a trait of godliness in many ancient cultures. When the gods created Gilgamesh they gave him a perfect body. (18, Norton Gilgamesh). Here again it is obvious that the myth says Gilgamesh is from the same twinge as the gods. He is known for taking whatever he desires His want leaves no virgin to her lover, neither the warriors daughter or the wifes noble. (19, Norton Gilgamesh). He has the arrogance and audacity to patently take anything that he considers in his kingdom. Clearly, at least early on in the story, the actions of Gilgamesh mirror that of his mythical genealogy from t he gods, who live by a different moral tag than that of civilized humans. At the same time however, Gilgamesh is certainly portrayed in the story as magnificent and capable of incredible things, such as the building of the walls and Rampart in Uruk. Climb upon the wall of Uruk walk along it, I say regard the foundation terrace and examine the masonry is it not burnt brick and good? (19, Norton Gilgamesh). So at the ... ...ith the fact that it seems death simply can not be escaped. This helps to change Gilgamesh a great deal, and in fact it is after this that Gilgamesh begins to change his way and is truly a sheepherder of the people. In the end, Gilgamesh veils Enkidu like a woman (35, Norton Gilgamesh). In fact, the text describes this as being veiled like a bride in this translation. So one time again, all the same in death, it seems that Enkidu and Gilgamesh have moved to a very blotto and personal relationship with each other, which is certainly Platonic in nature, and even possibly sexually oriented in some way or another. In the end, it is unavoidable that in some way each is touch on by the other, either to serve or remember the other and to be the fulfillment of each other. Works CitedUknown Author. Gilgamesh. In The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces, the Western Tradition, 7th Edition, Volume 1. Ed. Sarah Lawall and Maynard Mack. bleak York W.W. Norton and Company, Inc., 1999. 18-35.Doty, William G. Myths of Masculinity. New York The Crossroad Publishing Company, 1993. 73-78.Sayers, Janet. Sexual Contradictions. New York Tavistock Publications Ltd., 1986. 23-34.