Effects of food on the brain

Effects of food on the brain Abstract Throughout the world, it is a common knowledge of the significance of a healthy diet. Not only does it effect body image and physical health, but mental health as well. Nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid, and choline increase synaptic plasticity. In order to show that healthy foods are better for the mind, this study collected qualitative data on brain function after receiving healthy food and unhealthy food. The purpose of this study was to find out do healthy foods increase brain activity? It is hypothesized that if mice are given healthy and unhealthy meals, and instructed to run a maze, the mice given the healthy meals will complete the maze at a faster rate. The null hypothesis is that there will be no difference between mice given healthy and unhealthy meals. This, in turn, promotes the creation of new membranes, which allow new memories to be formed. When performing this study, mice were instructed to run a maze and the times of completion were recorde d. Depending on the group they were placed in, they were given either a healthy or unhealthy meal instructed to run the maze once more. Again, the times of completion were recorded. After completing the study, data collection showed that the mice in the group receiving healthy food had a greater change in time from the race without food to the race with food. To insure that there were no unfair advantages, nutritional values, such as carbohydrates and proteins. Research Problem Foods high in omega-3, such as walnuts, kiwi, and salmon, support the elasticity of the synapses within the brain (Good diet, 2008). Neurologist Fernando GÃ ³mez-Pinilla showed that a healthy diet could not only increase mental function, but protect against aging and damage to the brain (Wolpert, 2008). Literature Review Omega- 3 Studies show that omega-3 fatty acids are crucial to brain health (Wolpert, 2008). Psychology Professor GÃ ³mez-Pinilla found that foods rich in omega- 3, such as flaxseed, walnuts, kiwi, and salmon, aid in the production of the brain cell membranes that nerve signals pass through. As humans learn and create new memories, new membranes must be developed in order to hold that information. Pinilla, a professor of neurosurgery and physiological science, researched the idea that there are outside factors that affect brain activity. His study gives way to the question, Do healthy foods increase brain activity? Previous researchers showed that factors such as diet, exercise, and sleep patterns can noticeably impede the function of the mind (Wolpert, 2008). To support this theory, approximately 200 students were used as test subjects in a research study. In conclusion, researchers stated, Several gut hormones that can enter the brain, or that are produced in the brain itself, influence cog nitive ability (GÃ ³mez-Pinilla, 2008). Researchers detailed how foods such as salmon contain nutrients beneficial to the brain. One of the nutrients found in salmon is omega-3. Omega-3 fatty acids support synaptic plasticity and seem to positively affect the expression of several molecules related to learning and memory that are found on synapses, GÃ ³mez-Pinilla said. Omega-3 fatty acids are essential for normal brain function. GÃ ³mez-Pinilla conducted a study in Indonesia and Australia in which he gave a drink high in nutrients to children. After receiving the drink, the children were given performance tests focused on verbal skills and memory. The childrens test scores improved greatly after consuming the drink (Wolpert, 2008). Another study, performed by Oxford University students, compared two groups of students on math and spelling tests. One group of students received omega-3 and the other group received a placebo (Henry, 2002). The students receiving the placebo had dra stically lower test scores. Docosahexaenoic acid Docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, is another nutrient beneficial to the to the mind. Docosahexaenoic acid is shown to reduce oxidative stress and promote synaptic plasticity by preventing the establishment of free radicals. By doing so, learning and memory are also enhanced. Oxidative stress can cause damage to cellular proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Berries have been observed to counteract oxidative stress and have been shown to improve coordination and memory as well (Henry, 2005). Synaptic Plasticity Synaptic plasticity is the term used for the ability for change during synapses. This means that the reaction of the synapses to the release of neurotransmitters is not constant. The reaction can be stronger or weaker and the time of the reaction may vary. The strength of the reaction becomes greater or weaker in response to the reaction of receptors to their stimuli. As the length of time the receptor to stimuli reaction occurs or the amount of receptors present changes the synaptic strength fluctuates. The increase of synaptic strength that lasts is referred to as long term potentiation. Long term potentiation is known to play a role in neuron communication, which in turn plays a role in the creation of new memories. Opposite long term potentiation is long term depression. Long term depression is the phrase used to describe a lasting weakness in synaptic strength. Low frequency stimuli create long term depression, while long term potentiation is caused by high frequency stimuli. To learn new things and create new memories the neurons within the brain must communicate in different ways. This also is synaptic plasticity. Neurons in the perirhinial cortex respond to things we see and then tell the brain if it is new to us or if we have seen it before. The greater the response of the neurons, the less we recognize whatever we are seeing. As we continue to see that object, the neuron response decreases. This is how memories are processed. Omega-3 and Synaptic Plasticity Omega-3 fatty acid can act as an inhibitor for the activity of protein kinase C in cells. The in vitro activities of protein kinase C was inhibited by omega-3 as well as the mitogen-activated protein kinase. This implies that the double bond in omega-3 is neccesary for quality inhibitions. Omega-3 could prevent serotonin receptor-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in hippocampal slice preparations. In hippocampal long term potentiation, omega-3 showed to blocked the force of it, without inhibiting basal synaptic transmission. Fats and Calories Many assume that all fats are bad, and should be avoided. Research stated that many of the foods with a bad reputation actually can be helpful when eaten correctly. Marano shows that nutrients in different forms can cause different results in the body. The right food can enhance mental capabilities-help you concentrate, tune sensorimotor skills, keep you motivated, magnify memory, speed reaction times, defuse stress, perhaps even prevent brain aging, (Marano, 2007). Fats have been shown to not only benefit the mind, but can be detrimental to it as well. Omega-3 fatty acids make up the brain cells that the nerve signals must travel through. The human diet must be rich in omega-3 so as to continue to produce cell membranes. Many dietitians and nutritionists promote the use of oils such corn, safflower and sunflower. These are better for the heart, but not so good for the mind. Instead of being rich in omega-3, they are rich in omega-6. Canola oils and walnut oils are better for the brain usage. Choline has been shown to increase memory and reaction time. Sugar is known to keep the mind sharp, though the right amount is yet to be found. Carbohydrates are known to soothe the mind (Marano, 2007). An over-abundance of calories counteract omega-3 by reducing the flexibility of synapses. Trans fats and saturated fats have been studied to have a similar affect. Regulating calorie consumption can help the brain by blocking potential damage to vital cells, proteins, and chemicals (Wolpert, 2008). Weight In a study, statistics were calculated concerning the link between obesity and brain function (Volkow, Wang, Telang, Fowler, Goldstein, Alia- Klein, Logan, Wong, Thanos, Ma, Pradhan, 2008). Brain metabolism during cognitive stimulation was measured to determine whether body mass index (BMI) affected brain glucose utilization during cognitive performance. Verbal memory was tested as well. Twenty students participated in the study. They measured the association between BMI and regional brain glucose metabolism in healthy individuals at baseline and during cognitive stimulation. Baseline regional brain metabolic measures have been shown to be a sensitive indicator of brain function/dysfunction that is associated with neurocognitive performance. These results relate to my research in that it details how food intake relates to brain function. In obesity, both preclinical and clinical studies have documented impairments in brain DHA activity. Observations in obese subjects have reported an inverse relationship between BMI and D2 receptors (Haltia,m Viljanen, Parkkola, Kemppainen, Rinne, Nuutila, Kaasinen, 2007). They found that BMI is not what is detrimental for prefrontal activity, but that decreased prefrontal activity and reduced executive function may increase the risk to overeat. The prefrontal cortex is involved in regulating impulse control, self-monitoring, and goal-directed behaviors. Purpose In order to show that healthy foods are better for the mind, this study collected qualitative data on brain function after receiving healthy food and unhealthy food. The purpose of this study was to find out do healthy foods increase brain activity? It is hypothesized that if mice are given healthy and unhealthy meals, and instructed to run a maze, the mice given the healthy meals will complete the maze at a faster rate. The null hypothesis is that there will be no difference between mice given healthy and unhealthy meals. Methodology In order to show that healthy foods are better for the mind, this study investigated brain function after receiving a meal of either healthy or unhealthy food. Six mice were used as test subjects. Three mice were given healthy food while the other three received unhealthy food. The food were the independent variable, the mice were the dependent variable, and the maze was the constant. The mice were grouped randomly. The healthy meal consisted of walnuts and spinach. These foods contain omega-3 fatty acids. The unhealthy mice were given guinea pig food. After eating, each mouse ran a maze with cheese as the reinforcement at the end of the maze. The time of completion was recorded. Caution was taken to ensure that the events before testing were similar, so that stress didnt play a factor. Also, the nutritional value was matched in the healthy and unhealthy meals to prevent any unfair advantages. These value include carbohydrate and proteins, which are known to provide energy. The nutri tional values were the controls. Results and Discussion During the experiment, the mice averaged 10.33 seconds change in time, from before the meal and after the meal, for the mice given healthy food, and 18.67 seconds for the mice given unhealthy food. The results of this data display that the meals high in nutrients are better for the brain. It was hypothesized that if mice were given healthy and unhealthy meals, the mice given healthy meals would complete a maze in shorter time. As expected, the mice in the healthy group moved at a significantly quicker pace through the maze. The hypothesis was accepted. Previous study showed that foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids increased brain productivity. Brain productivity is enhanced because of the synaptic plasticity that goes on in the membranes (Wolpert, 2008). The data found in this study compares to that of neurologist Fernando Gomez-Pinilla. Both studies support healthy eating for optimal performance. Although the hypothesis in this study was supported, there are aspects not taken into account that could affect data accuracy. Though the ages of the mice are unknown, this plays a role in how the food may affect the brain. In younger mice, when the brain is still in the developmental stage, short term effects on the brain may occur. A brain that is more mature may take several meals to react to the nutrients (Bozarth, 2009). To further this study, it would be efficient to increase the length of exposure to the change in diet. This would allow a greater amount of change for mice that are older. Also, other foods could be used. Fish and fish oils are known to carry a significant amount of DHA and EPA (Kindblade, 2009). If possible, the same foods could be used with a nutrient supplement added into one of the diets. References (2008, July 9). Good diet, exercise keep brain healthy. Retrieved August 25, 2009, from Live Science Web site: http://www.livescience.com/health/080709-food-brain.html Bozarth, M. (2009, Nov) Re: Michael Bozarth [Electronic mailing message]. GÃ ³mez-Pinilla, F (2008, July 1). Brain foods: the effects of nutrients on brain function. Retrieved September 26, 2009, from Nature Reviews Web site: http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v9/n7/full/nrn2421.html Haltia, LT. Viljanen, A. Parkkola, R. Kemppainen, N. Rinne, JO. Nuutila, P. Kaasinen, V.(2007). Brain white matter expansion in human obesity and the recovering effect of dieting. Retrieved September 22, 2009, from Endojournals Web site: http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/92/8/3278 Henry, J. (2005, May 22). Heres food for thought. Retrieved September 22, 2009, from Telegraph.co.uk Web site: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1490492/Heres-food-for-thought.html Kindblade, B. (2009, Nov) Re: [Beve Kindblade, Nutritionist] Contact from Kiana Spencer [Electronic mailing message]. Marano, HE (2007, Feb 7). What is good brain food? Retrieved August 20, 2009, from Psychology Today Web site: http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/200310/what-is-good-brain-food Volkow, ND. Wang, GJ. Telang, F. Fowler, JS. Goldstein, RZ. Alia- Klein, N. Logan, J. Wong, C. Thanos, PK. Ma, Y. Pradhan, K. (2008, Oct). Inverse association between BMI and prefrontal metabolic activity in healthy adults Retrieved September 22, 2009, from Obesity Web site: http://www.nature.com/oby/journal/v17/n1/full/oby2008469a.html Wolpert, S (2008, July, 9). Scientists learn how what you eat affects your brain- and those oyour kids. UCLA Newsroom, Retrieved August 18, 2009, from http://www.newsroom.ucla.edu/portal/ucla/scientists-learn-how-food-affects-52668.aspx

lighthod Barriers in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays

Barriers in Heart of Darkness Heart of Darkness is a book that explores many different ideas and philosophies regarding human life. How people see each other and connect with each other is one of the larger aspects of human life covered in this tale. During his journey, Marlowe meets many different types of people that he is able to decipher from the good and bad personal characteristics. These people all contribute to Marlowe’s growth as a person as he breaks down barriers inside himself that deal with race, loyalty, and the way people interrelate with each other. The first site that Marlowe sees on his expedition puts an instant stereotype into his head. The sight is one of skinny, black laborers at the Outer Station. Marlowe sees a young boy who is hungry and feeds him a biscuit. Marlowe sees these images of people and how they’re living, and consciously or unconsciously, makes a note in his mind that this is the way Africans are. This initial impression of the Africans had formed a barrier that Marlowe would change within himself by the end of the story. Immediately after his encounter with the laborers, Marlowe meets the accountant at the station who provides Marlowe with his first real distinction between the races. The accountant presented himself in a gracious manner. He was Caucasian, wore fancy clothes, had oiled hair, sported varnished boots, and he had a starched white collar. This all made the man look oddly out of place given that he was in the middle of the jungle and surrounded by filthy laborers. Marlowe wasn’t sure about what to think of this man at first, but when a sick man was brought into the accountant’s office, the accountant gripes about the inconvenience to himself. "The groans of a sick person distract my attention, and without that it is extremely difficult to guard against clerical errors in this climate" (Conrad 22). This cruel and cold side of the typical European ivory trader shows through very clearly to Marlowe. This was his first, but not only experience on the journey with a greedy white male. The white manager on the boat is another character that speaks to Marlowe’s intellect by way of his actions. Marlowe gains some of his most significant self-growth in the story through his encounters and his analyzing of the manager. Marlowe is constantly hearing about ways that the manager and his crew are trying to take over the ivory ring and how they are trying to stop Kurtz from continuing his dominance in this trade.

Observing the Human Condition :: essays research papers

Human’s, according to the bible, will always be evil because of one action; the action of biting the apple. Films like Fargo, Magnolia, and Pleasantville portray human nature constantly â€Å"biting the apple.† These films seem to share many views on how human nature is portrayed with the Bible. Betrayal and forgiveness are two prominent themes in the Bible as well as all three of these films. In particular, the film Magnolia seems to have almost every character commit betrayal of some kind. The one character that is true to Bonhoeffer’s â€Å"true discipleship† is Officer Jim Kurring. He values the lives he saves more than his own life, he is truly unselfish.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie Pleasantville is a clear parable to the Bible’s description of the Garden of Eden. Pleasantville portrays complete innocence amongst its population. Complete innocence that is, until David Wagner betrays the TV repairman (God) and begins to change the world of Pleasantville along with his sister Jennifer. Like the film, the Bible portrays humans as sinners by consequence. The movie also brings out the question of whether or not there is one true â€Å"garden of Eden† for everyone, or if we must learn to create our own paradise in order to truly be happy. Does God have our destiny created for us or must we create our own? When it comes to reconciliation and forgiveness, the movie does not seem to be a parable to the passages of the Bible. The Hebrew god brings chaos when he is betrayed by the sinners of the earth, like the flood. The movie has a much unrealistic view of how forgiving God is.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story of Cain and Abel can be paralleled to the movie Fargo. Jerry Lundenguard sacrifices his family for his own gain in much of the movie. The kidnapping of his wife depicts his total lack of clarity towards the safety of his wife. Even his own son seems unimportant to him, he is asked how his son is holding up and he has a moment of realization that he has not even thought about his son’s well being. Even the betrayal of the two killers at the end of the movie can be paralleled towards Jerry betraying his wife. Backstabbing is an essential part of this movie when compared to the Bible whether the betrayal involves evil vs. evil, or evil vs. good.

Johnny Got His Gun Essay -- essays research papers

dignity because he could no longer interact with other humans. It was the author’s idea of the worst case scenario that could have occurred to a soldier who was injured. The description of his injuries gave the reader a picture of what it would be like to have lived with no legs, arms, or a face. It was a gruesome thought that helped personalize the story by making the reader feel bad for the main character. At this time many perceived fighting in a war to be noble but for most of the soldiers it was anything but noble. Many times television shows, movies, and books had glamorized war, but that was not the truth. This book showed the harsh reality of war that most people didn’t know existed at the time. War is something that no man should ever hope for, but young men were told that it was glorious to fight for your country. The reality was that they put their lives on the line every day to fight for their country. It may have been heroic but definitely not glamorous to kill another human. In some cases, soldiers who were in wars had severe mental problems when they would return home from war because of the brutality they saw. When Joe finally became conscience of his surroundings he realized what had happened to him. Due to his injuries Joe was isolated from the rest of the world. This made it so that he didn’t even know if he was awake or sleeping. He kept having flashbacks to the war and to his life previous to the war. Then when he realized that his life was over he wanted to end it but he had no power to. He told others through morse code but they denied him death. The life that Joe Bonham led after his injuries was in no way glamorous but instead the worst possible way to live When I originally started reading this book I thought that war was a necessary part of our society to keep other countries in order, but now I realize that war serves no purpose whatsoever. It is just a waste of resources and life that could be better used. I still believe that we should have an army to protect us but I now feel that we should use more restraint when sending in military force. In most cases it is not necessary to shed blood in other countries. I believe that our army should only be used in extreme cases when there is no other solution. In most cases it would be possible to resolve a problem without fighting but it is easier to just... ...ke the reader suffer, but to create recognition of the psychosis involved in co-existing with war. Johnny Got His Gun is not a wholeheartedly pacifist novel. Like many social protest works of the 30s, it ends with a call to arms against the masters of war: "If you tell us to make the world safe for democracy we will take you seriously and by god and by Christ we will make it so." The novel embodies the blunt, defiant anti-militarist spirit of Eugene Debs, Socialist Party writer Mary Marcy and Gen. Smedley ("War is a racket!") Butler, the much-decorated WWI general who later changed his mind about war. Shortly after the publication of Johnny Got His Gun, this spirit waned as support for the new war effort enveloped the majority of the Left. (In 1947, Trumbo would become one of the "Hollywood 10" who defied the House Committee on Un-American Activities and were jailed and blacklisted for their stand.) Then a generation later, along with that spirit, the novel resurfaced unexpectedly. They keep each other alive. Trumbo, who died in 1976, would have appreciated how quickly the hoopla for the Gulf War evaporated. His book played a part in that. Watch for

Heart and Stone Therapy

322 Apply stone therapy massage 322 Apply stone therapy massage By Lucy Barnett By Lucy Barnett Task 1a * The importance of carrying out a detailed body analysis & relevant tests is so that you can pick up on any posture faults, avoid any areas which may be contra indicated and you are able to give them information on ways to improve their posture. It is important to carry out relevant tests such as cold or hot and sharp and blunt so that you are sure the client can feel the difference.This also prevents you from harming your client if they can feel something within the treatment which feels painful. * The importance of positioning the client correctly so they are as comfortable as possible and you aren’t causing them any pain or injury. It is important to be positioned correctly as a therapist so you prevent yourself from pain or injury if you consistently and positioned correctly this can result in repetitive strain injury. It is important to use the correct products, tools, equipment and technique because so the client can feel the best benefit from their treatment and it will not harm the client. * It is important to complete treatment records correctly so that you have on record if the client has any contra-indications which may prevent or restrict a treatment. You will also have on record anything the client may be allergic to. * It is important to complete the treatment to the satisfaction of the client so they go away feeling happy and return to you again in the future. Task 1bHistorical and culture background of stone therapy: The stones originated from Native Americans but they did not use them in massage. Stone therapy has been around for a long time but has been modernised through the years and now we use naturally shaped basalt pebbles and marble pebbles that have been cut to shape to deliver hot and cold temperatures. Four types of stones: Basalt stones: Hot stone, made from volcanic rock used all over the body. Should be recharged once a m onth in either; a bowl of salt water, in direct sunlight/ moonlight or burying in the earth overnight.Marble stones: cold stone, made from limestone should be recharged by leaving in sunlight/moonlight or burying in the earth overnight Marine stones: cold stone, made from sedimentary rock should be recharged by leaving in sunlight/moonlight or burying in the earth overnight. Semi-precious stones: can be used hot or cold, gem stones, usually used for shakra placing. Should be recharged; with reiki energy, leaving in sunlight/moonlight and cleansing in a bowl with other crystals. Physical and physiological effects of hot and cold stones: Effects of hot stones 1 Vaso-dilation – the blood vessels widen, bringing blood to areas of the body ie skin * Increased circulation – more oxygenated blood circulating * Increased metabolism – speeds up the rate of nutrients being utilised * Increased pulse rate – helps the heart pump efficiently * Increased cell metabolis m – speeds up the process of manufacturing new cells * Increased lymph function – speeds up the removal of toxins and waste * Relaxes the muscles – enables the therapist to work on the muscles without causing discomfort to the client * Reduces muscle tension Relaxes the mind * Different emotions may cause some clients to feel upset. Effects of cold stones 1 * Vaso-constriction – the blood vessels narrow, taking blood away from areas of the body, ie skin * Analgesic effect – natural pain relief released in the body * Reduces inflammation – excess blood is taken away from the area * Reduces histamine – reduces this irritant often present in stressed muscles, causing the muscles to relax. * Body pumped to the core organs, ie heart, lungs * Relaxes the mind * Reduces headaches Task 1cOne Fungal infection that would prevent the treatment: Ringworm One Bacterial infection that would prevent the treatment: Impetigo One viral infection that w ould prevent the treatment: Shingles One severe skin condition: Severe eczema Ten contra-indications that would restrict the treatment: 1. Diabetes 2. Epilepsy 3. High/low blood pressure 4. Piercings 5. Anxiety 6. Cuts 7. Abrasions 8. Bruises 9. Metal plates or pins 10. Recent dermabrasion Bibliography Task 1a – core unit’s book Task 1b – lastone therapy book Task 1c – notes taken in class

Romeo and Juliet Fate Essay

Some believe that whatever happens during the course of their lives is inevitable and every event destined and laid out before them like a map to their life; in other words, fate. Fate is defined as a force, principle or power that predetermines events, it is the inevitable events that are destined by this force. Why do Romeo and Juliet meet? Why do Mercutio and Tybalt have to die? Why does Juliet awaken seconds after Romeo dies?These occurrences are caused by fate. Romeo and Juliet's fates were linked from the beginning. In the Prologue it states â€Å"A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life†. This sentence expresses that from the start that the fate of Romeo and Juliet was written in the stars, and they were cursed to death. In the play, fate directs the lives of the characters. Secondly, it foreshadows events that were yet to come. Lastly, the characters are aware that they are controlled by their destiny and fate. In William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, fat e plays a significant role.Fate directs the lives of the characters in the play. Romeo and Juliet’s first meeting isn’t purely coincidental. A servant of Capulet crosses paths with Romeo and Benvolio, and invites them to the Capulet party, not knowing that they are Montagues. â€Å"My master is the great rich Capulet, and, if you be not of the house of Montagues, I pray come and crush a cup of wine† (I. ii. 78-80). It is by fate that Romeo and Benvolio run into the Capulet servant and learn of the party. It is not just an accident that the servant tells the two cousins about the party at which Romeo is destined, yet still unaware, that he will meet his one true love. Also, it is not by coincidence that Friar John is unable to deliver the letter of Friar Lawrence’s plans to Romeo. It is destined for Balthasar to tell Romeo that Juliet had died. â€Å"Her body sleeps in Capel's monument, And her immortal part with angels lives† (V.i. 18-19).Even thou gh he says what he believes is true and had good intentions, Balthasar’s news is the cause of the tragedy. He is the final piece of Romeo’s puzzle of fate. Romeo, being oblivious to Friar Lawrence’s plan, returns to Verona only to take his life next to his â€Å"dead† wife. In the play, fate controls the paths of life of the characters. Fate is an omen for bad things to come various times during the story. The first time fate foretells the future was before the Capulet ball. Romeo has a strange feeling before he arrives to the party; he says:Some  consequence, yet hanging in the stars, Shall bitterly begin his fearful date With this night’s revels, and expire the term Of a despised life closed in my breast By some vile forfeit of untimely death (I.iv.107-111)Romeo predicted that fate isn’t on his side that night; going to the party would set Romeo on a life altering course which would lead to his utter demise. The death of both Romeo and J uliet is the â€Å"consequence† Romeo speaks about. Another prime example of foreshadowing by fate is the last time Romeo and Juliet meet being alive and well. Juliet proclaims â€Å" O God, I have an ill-divining soul†(III.v.54); it is God’s will that her soul forebodes evil and malice. Juliet then remarks that it appears as though Romeo is in a tomb and that he looks deathly pale. Romeo’s death is envisioned yet again, making it impossible to deny that his fate will lead him to any other outcome. Fate is a harbinger of Romeo and Juliet’s definite future: death. Characters believe that fate controls their destiny.This realization is made by Romeo after fighting and killing Tybalt, he says â€Å"O, I am fortune's fool.†(III.i.135). Romeo is upset over slaying Tybalt, subsequently destroying his future with Juliet and the possibility of ceasing the feud between the two families. He sees himself as a subject to his â€Å"fortune† or fat e, and recognizes that he cannot control his actions. Later on, when Romeo learns of Juliet’s apparent death, he exclaims â€Å"Then I defy you, stars!†(V.i.24). Romeo tries to oppose the stars, or fate by expressing his independence by saying that he is in charge of his own life and that he is not ruled by some fixed series of events.However, Romeo cannot change his fate and everything that happened to him was going to happen no matter what and he was destined to fall in love and come to an unfortunate end. Committing suicide next to his love Juliet is exactly what fate had in store for him. In the end, Romeo did the opposite of defying his fate by fulfilling it. In conclusion, in Romeo and Juliet, fate plays a powerful and meaningful role. Fate has a plan laid out for each character. It is a prediction of the couple’s doomed and tragic end. Also, the characters are aware that their life’s course is decided for them by fate.As Lemony Snicket once said â €Å"Fate is like a strange, unpopular restaurant filled with odd little waiters who bring you things you never asked for and don't always like.† ; Nobody will truly know what fate has in mind for them; every experience and outcome happens for a reason. Whether it is good or bad, fate will always get its way no matter the cost. Romeo and Juliet Fate Essay Some believe that whatever happens during the course of their lives is inevitable and every event destined and laid out before them like a map to their life; in other words, fate. Fate is defined as a force, principle or power that predetermines events, it is the inevitable events that are destined by this force. Why do Romeo and Juliet meet? Why do Mercutio and Tybalt have to die? Why does Juliet awaken seconds after Romeo dies? These occurrences are caused by fate. Romeo and Juliet's fates were linked from the beginning.In the Prologue it states â€Å"A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life†. This sentence expresses that from the start that the fate of Romeo and Juliet was written in the stars, and they were cursed to death. In the play, fate directs the lives of the characters. Secondly, it foreshadows events that were yet to come. Lastly, the characters are aware that they are controlled by their destiny and fate. In William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, fat e plays a significant role. Fate directs the lives of the characters in the play.Romeo and Juliet’s first meeting isn’t purely coincidental. A servant of Capulet crosses paths with Romeo and Benvolio, and invites them to the Capulet party, not knowing that they are Montagues. â€Å"My master is the great rich Capulet, and, if you be not of the house of Montagues, I pray come and crush a cup of wine† (I. ii. 78-80). It is by fate that Romeo and Benvolio run into the Capulet servant and learn of the party. It is not just an accident that the servant tells the two cousins about the party at which Romeo is destined, yet still unaware, that he will meet his one true love.Also, it is not by coincidence that Friar John is unable to deliver the letter of Friar Lawrence’s plans to Romeo. It is destined for Balthasar to tell Romeo that Juliet had died. â€Å"Her body sleeps in Capel's monument, And her immortal part with angels lives† (V. i. 18-19). Even tho ugh he says what he believes is true and had good intentions, Balthasar’s news is the cause of the tragedy. He is the final piece of Romeo’s puzzle of fate. Romeo, being oblivious to Friar Lawrence’s plan, returns to Verona only to take his life next to his â€Å"dead† wife. In the play, fate controls the paths of life of the characters.Fate is an omen for bad things to come various times during the story. The first time fate foretells the future was before the Capulet ball. Romeo has a strange feeling before he arrives to the party; he says: Some consequence, yet hanging in the stars, Shall bitterly begin his fearful date With this night’s revels, and expire the term Of a despised life closed in my breast By some vile forfeit of untimely death (I. iv. 107-111) Romeo predicted that fate isn’t on his side that night; going to the party would set Romeo on a life altering course which would lead to his utter demise.The death of both Romeo and J uliet is the â€Å"consequence† Romeo speaks about. Another prime example of foreshadowing by fate is the last time Romeo and Juliet meet being alive and well. Juliet proclaims â€Å" O God, I have an ill-divining soul†(III. v. 54); it is God’s will that her soul forebodes evil and malice. Juliet then remarks that it appears as though Romeo is in a tomb and that he looks deathly pale. Romeo’s death is envisioned yet again, making it impossible to deny that his fate will lead him to any other outcome. Fate is a harbinger of Romeo and Juliet’s definite future: death.Characters believe that fate controls their destiny. This realization is made by Romeo after fighting and killing Tybalt, he says â€Å"O, I am fortune's fool. â€Å"(III. i. 135). Romeo is upset over slaying Tybalt, subsequently destroying his future with Juliet and the possibility of ceasing the feud between the two families. He sees himself as a subject to his â€Å"fortune† o r fate, and recognizes that he cannot control his actions. Later on, when Romeo learns of Juliet’s apparent death, he exclaims â€Å"Then I defy you, stars! †(V. i. 24).Romeo tries to oppose the stars, or fate by expressing his independence by saying that he is in charge of his own life and that he is not ruled by some fixed series of events. However, Romeo cannot change his fate and everything that happened to him was going to happen no matter what and he was destined to fall in love and come to an unfortunate end. Committing suicide next to his love Juliet is exactly what fate had in store for him. In the end, Romeo did the opposite of defying his fate by fulfilling it. In conclusion, in Romeo and Juliet, fate plays a powerful and meaningful role.Fate has a plan laid out for each character. It is a prediction of the couple’s doomed and tragic end. Also, the characters are aware that their life’s course is decided for them by fate. As Lemony Snicket once said â€Å"Fate is like a strange, unpopular restaurant filled with odd little waiters who bring you things you never asked for and don't always like. † ; Nobody will truly know what fate has in mind for them; every experience and outcome happens for a reason. Whether it is good or bad, fate will always get its way no matter the cost.

Medieval Armor

Jeff quickly realized the problem was going to turn even more complex. The 1992 medallion was ordered by 3,876 people; they planned on 4,500. The bed is $2,964. 30 and the chair is $687. 29 (with the 15% discount). Their neighbor paid the eight prudish men for their work on the docks. In our society, the average person changes jobs more often than ever before. As a result, most people are apt to do several job campaigns during their lifetime. Most jobs require applicants to submit a letter of application and a data sheet or resume. Both the data sheet and the resume give the prospective employer a summary of your background.A resume, however, is a more detailed account of your experiences and may be used when applying for a higher level job. The letter and data sheet are the means through which a potential employer first meets you. On the basis of these two documents a first impression is formed. A positive first impression usually will result in an invitation to a job interview. The refore, it is critical that a great deal of care be taken to ensure that the first impression made by these documents is a good one. Make sure that these documents are free of errors with accurate and proper information.Job interviews are used to give the potential employer a chance to screen you further to determine if you are qualified for the job and to see if you will fit in with the organization. You are expected to be on time to dress appropriately for the job interview. A conservative approach to dress is usually good advice to follow when choosing proper attire. During the interview you will need to sell yourself by emphasizing how your qualifications fit the position. We are glad that you decided to lease a two-bedroom condominium from Lakeview Condominium Association.As I indicated on the phone, you will need to send your $450 security deposit in order to reserve a unit. At the current time we do have two units that will be available for occupancy on the date you plan on m oving to Knoxville September 1. A triplicate copy of the lease agreement is enclosed for your signature. Please sign and return it to me along with the security deposit. We look forward having you as one of our tenants; you will enjoy living in a Lakeview Condominium. 1231 Woodlawn Drive Toledo, OH 43612-1712 April 5, 19—Mr. Jeffrey A.York Lakeview Condominium Association 599 Miller Road Knoxville, TN 37920-4119 Dear Mr. York: Thank you for sending the lease so quickly. My check for the $450 security deposit is enclosed along with the signed lease. I will pay the first month’s rent when I arrive in Knoxville. I do have a few questions that you can answer for me regarding the condominium complex. 1. Do you arrange to have the electricity transferred to my name, or do I need to contact the electric company? 2. To what address will my mail be delivered? 3. Is garbage disposal included with the rent? 4. Is storage space available outside the condominium?I am looking forwar d to receiving the information so I can take care of these arrangements before arriving in Knoxville on September 1 Sincerely, Jennifer A. Rose Enclosure July 6, 19—Claudia Simpkins, Office Manager DESKTOP PUBLISHING SEMINAR Attached is the brochure about the desktop publishing seminar will allow me to use more productively the desktop system that was purchased last spring. I will also be happy to share with others what I learn from the seminar. I will need to submit registration forms by July 25 to avoid a late registration fee. Maria Gibson, Document Processing Center Attachment